I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: Shiyu Wang. 2016. Anchor sampling of inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the flux tower tidal creek in the Duplin River. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set CHM-GCET-1605a; http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/dataset_details.asp?accession=CHM-GCET-1605a) B. Accession Number: CHM-GCET-1605a C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: Shiyu Wang Address: Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: sywang@uga.edu 2. Abstract: An anchor sampling of DIC and DO level at the mouth of a first order creek of the Duplin was conducted seasonally in order to estimate the metabolism and CO2/O2 dynamics of water when it floods the marsh where the GCE LTER project operates an eddy covariance tower. 3. Study Type: Graduate Thesis Study 4. Study Themes: Chemistry 5. LTER Core Areas: Other Site Research 6. Georeferences: geographic coordinates as data columns 7. Submission Date: May 04, 2016 D. Keywords: carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved oxygen, estuaries, GCE, Georgia, Georgia Coastal Ecosystems, inundation, LTER, marshes, metabolism, open water, oxygen, Sapelo Island, USA II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project III 2. Principal Investigators: Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu 3. Funding Period: Nov 01, 2012 to Nov 01, 2018 4. Objectives: The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. 5. Abstract: The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER is located along three adjacent sounds on the Atlantic coast and includes both intertidal marshes and estuaries. Long-term drivers of climate change, sea level rise and human alterations of the landscape will cause transitions in dominant habitat types (state changes) within the GCE domain by changing the amounts and patterns of water delivery across the landscape. These changes in water delivery can be conceptualized as presses and pulses in river inflow, local runoff, groundwater input, and tidal inundation, which will in turn manifest themselves as changes in salinity and inundation patterns in the domain. The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. The goals are to: 1) Track long-term changes in climate and human actions in the watershed and adjacent uplands, and evaluate the effects of these drivers on domain boundary conditions. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological, and to evaluate how they are affected by variations in river inflow and other boundary conditions. 3) Characterize the responses of three dominant habitats in the domain to pulses and presses in salinity and inundation. 4) Describe patterns of habitat provisioning and C sequestration and export in the GCE domain, and to evaluate how these might be affected by changes in salinity and inundation. These efforts will be synthesized into a synoptic understanding of both biotic and ecosystem responses to variations in salinity and inundation driven by climate change and human activities, which will be used to assess thresholds between habitats and the potential for state changes in the domain. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE 1237140 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: Coordinates: b. Physiographic Region: c. Landform Components: d. Hydrographic Characteristics: e. Topographic Attributes: f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: g. Vegetation Communities: h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: none recorded i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2010: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 20.09°C (7.28°C) minimum air temperature: 15.02°C (7.96°C) maximum air temperature: 24.82°C (6.98°C) total precipitation: 3.26mm (10.3mm) Yearly-aggregated Daily Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1980-2010): 1124mm (266mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: An anchor sampling of DIC and DO level at the mouth of a first order creek of the Duplin was conducted every thirty mins for an entire tidal cycle seasonally in order to estimate the metabolism and CO2/O2 dynamics of water when it floods the marsh where the GCE LTER project operates an eddy covariance tower. b. Permanent Plots: N/A c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: Water samples for DIC, ALk and Sal were collected in 125 ml acid-cleaned glass bottles, and 10 µl of saturated HgCl2 solution was added for preservation. The sampling bottles for DIC and TA were rinsed at least twice with creek water. A notched rubber stopper with a tubing was used to let water flow into the bottle with minimal contact with air. These samples were stored at 7°C until laboratory analysis. DO and its percent saturation were continuously measured with a YSI-6920 along with ancillary data such as temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll fluorescence by mounting the YSI in the upstream of the sampling locaiton. Beginning of Observations: Feb 23, 2014 End of Observations: Oct 29, 2014 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Method 1: DIC Analysis -- DIC was measured through an automated DIC analyzer developed by Weijun Cai's group.  A syringe pump was used to pump the sample and acid (10% H3PO4) into the reactor. CO2 was released from acidified samples in the reactor and was subsequently measured by the infrared CO2 analyzer. Finally, DIC was calculated by integrating the area under the CO2 curve over time (< 2 mins) in the CO2 analyzer.  Details of sampling, storage and analysis for DIC, Alk, pCO2 and pH are decribed in "Wang, Z.A. and Cai, W.J., 2004. Carbon dioxide degassing and inorganic carbon export from a marsh-dominated estuary (the Duplin River): A marsh CO2 pump. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(2), pp.341-354.D15" Method 2: Total Alkalinity Titration -- Total alkalinity (TA) was determined in a 50-ml sample by Gran titration (Gran, 1952) to an endpoint pH of 3.2 using HCl solution. The titrations were carried out by an automatic device using a Kloehn digital syringe and drive modules. Details of sampling, storage and analysis for DIC, Alk, pCO2 and pH are decribed in "Wang, Z.A. and Cai, W.J., 2004. Carbon dioxide degassing and inorganic carbon export from a marsh-dominated estuary (the Duplin River): A marsh CO2 pump. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(2), pp.341-354.D15" Method 3: Dissolved Oxygen -- DO and its percent saturation were continuously measured with a YSI-6920 along with ancillary data such as temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll fluorescence by mounting the YSI in the upstream of the sampling locaiton. The YSI was calibrated in moist air at sea level just prior to sampling. b. Instrumentation: Method 1: Automated DIC Analyzer Parameter: Total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Accuracy: 0.1-0.15%, Range: 100 to 10000 µmol/kg) Protocol: The system is calibrated before and after each measurement using certified reference material (CRM) from A. G. Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. Method 2: Alk Titration Method 3: YSI-6920 c. Taxonomy and Systematics: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable d. Speclies List: e. Permit History: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: Shiyu Wang 2: Charles S. Hopkinson 3: Wei-Jun Cai 4: Daniela Di Iorio 5: Joel Craig 6: Caroline M. Reddy 7: Emily Davenport b. Affiliations: 1: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 2: University of Georgia, Athens, GA 3: University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 4: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 5: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 6: University of Georgia, Sapelo Island, Georgia 7: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 25-May-2016 2. Latest Archive Date: 25-May-2016 3. Latest Metadata Update: 25-May-2016 4. Data Verification Status: In Review B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Wade M. Sheldon, Jr. Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: sheldon@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: All publications based on this data set must cite the contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information Management Office. a. Release Date: Affiliates: May 04, 2016, Public: Oct 29, 2016 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from NSF OCE 1237140 (data set CHM-GCET-1605a) c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: CHM-GCET-1605a_DIC_1_0.CSV 2. Size: 133 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value, E = estimated value 7. Authentication Procedures: 8. Calculations: 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.4b (09-Nov-2015) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data file processed: CHM-GCET-1605a_DIC.txt (133 records) Data processing history: 25-May-2016: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 25-May-2016: 133 rows imported from ASCII data file 'CHM-GCET-1605a_DIC.txt' ('imp_ascii') 25-May-2016: 83 metadata fields in file header parsed ('parse_header') 25-May-2016: data structure validated ('gce_valid') 25-May-2016: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-May-2016: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 25-May-2016: updated 48 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 25-May-2016: flags for columns Salinity, DIC and Alk converted to data columns, flag codes updated in metadata ('flags2cols') 25-May-2016: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data sections ('addmeta') 25-May-2016: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 25-May-2016: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Time_UTC column 2. Latitude column 3. Lonigitude column 4. Salinity column 5. Flag_Salinity column 6. DIC column 7. Flag_DIC column 8. Alk column 9. Flag_Alk 2. Variable Definition: column 1. Time sample was taken column 2. Location where all the sample was taken column 3. Location where all the sample was taken column 4. Salinity meaured in bottle in lab column 5. QA/QC flags for Salinity meaured in bottle in lab (flagging criteria, where "x" is Salinity: x<0="I", x>35="Q") column 6. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon measured in water sample in lab column 7. QA/QC flags for Dissolved Inorganic Carbon measured in water sample in lab (flagging criteria, where "x" is DIC: x<0="I", x>10000="Q") column 8. Total Alkalinity measured in water sample in lab column 9. QA/QC flags for Total Alkalinity measured in water sample in lab (flagging criteria, where "x" is Alk: x<0="I", x>10000="Q") 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS column 2. Decimal degrees column 3. Decimal degrees column 4. PSU column 5. none column 6. umol/L column 7. none column 8. um/L column 9. none 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. string column 2. floating-point column 3. floating-point column 4. floating-point column 5. string column 6. floating-point column 7. string column 8. floating-point column 9. string b. Variable Codes: c. Numeric Range: column 1. (none) column 2. 31.4434 to 31.4434 column 3. -81.2861 to -81.2861 column 4. 17.8 to 29.6 column 5. (none) column 6. 1210.035 to 4308.7934 column 7. (none) column 8. 1577.3 to 4018.6 column 9. (none) d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. text column 2. numerical column 3. numerical column 4. numerical column 5. text column 6. numerical column 7. text column 8. numerical column 9. text b. Number of Columns: 9 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 6 column 3. 6 column 4. 1 column 5. 0 column 6. 1 column 7. 0 column 8. 1 column 9. 0 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. datetime (none) column 2. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 3. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 4. data (continuous) column 5. coded value (none) column 6. data (continuous) column 7. coded value (none) column 8. data (continuous) column 9. coded value (none) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. none column 4. x<0="I";x>35="Q" column 5. none column 6. x<0="I";x>10000="Q" column 7. none column 8. x<0="I";x>10000="Q" column 9. none C. Data Anomalies: V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: 2. Form Location: 3. Data Entry Validation: B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: C. Supplemental Materials: D. Computer Programs: E. Archival Practices: F. Publications: not specified G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: not specified 2. Data Set Update History: none 3. Review History: none 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none