I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: Shiyu Wang. 2016. Anchor sampling of inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the flux tower tidal creek in the Duplin River. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set CHM-GCET-1605a; http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/dataset_details.asp?accession=CHM-GCET-1605a) B. Accession Number: CHM-GCET-1605a C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: Shiyu Wang Address: Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: sywang@uga.edu 2. Abstract: An anchor sampling of DIC and DO level at the mouth of a first order creek of the Duplin was conducted seasonally in order to estimate the metabolism and CO2/O2 dynamics of water when it floods the marsh where the GCE LTER project operates an eddy covariance tower. 3. Study Type: Graduate Thesis Study 4. Study Themes: Chemistry 5. LTER Core Areas: Other Site Research 6. Georeferences: geographic coordinates as data columns 7. Submission Date: May 04, 2016 D. Keywords: carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved oxygen, estuaries, GCE, Georgia, Georgia Coastal Ecosystems, inundation, LTER, marshes, metabolism, open water, oxygen, Sapelo Island, USA II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project III 2. Principal Investigators: Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu 3. Funding Period: Nov 01, 2012 to Nov 01, 2018 4. Objectives: The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. 5. Abstract: The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER is located along three adjacent sounds on the Atlantic coast and includes both intertidal marshes and estuaries. Long-term drivers of climate change, sea level rise and human alterations of the landscape will cause transitions in dominant habitat types (state changes) within the GCE domain by changing the amounts and patterns of water delivery across the landscape. These changes in water delivery can be conceptualized as presses and pulses in river inflow, local runoff, groundwater input, and tidal inundation, which will in turn manifest themselves as changes in salinity and inundation patterns in the domain. The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. The goals are to: 1) Track long-term changes in climate and human actions in the watershed and adjacent uplands, and evaluate the effects of these drivers on domain boundary conditions. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological, and to evaluate how they are affected by variations in river inflow and other boundary conditions. 3) Characterize the responses of three dominant habitats in the domain to pulses and presses in salinity and inundation. 4) Describe patterns of habitat provisioning and C sequestration and export in the GCE domain, and to evaluate how these might be affected by changes in salinity and inundation. These efforts will be synthesized into a synoptic understanding of both biotic and ecosystem responses to variations in salinity and inundation driven by climate change and human activities, which will be used to assess thresholds between habitats and the potential for state changes in the domain. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE 1237140 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: Coordinates: b. Physiographic Region: c. Landform Components: d. Hydrographic Characteristics: e. Topographic Attributes: f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: g. Vegetation Communities: h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: none recorded i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2010: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 20.09°C (7.28°C) minimum air temperature: 15.02°C (7.96°C) maximum air temperature: 24.82°C (6.98°C) total precipitation: 3.26mm (10.3mm) Yearly-aggregated Daily Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1980-2010): 1124mm (266mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: An anchor sampling of DIC and DO level at the mouth of a first order creek of the Duplin was conducted every thirty mins for an entire tidal cycle seasonally in order to estimate the metabolism and CO2/O2 dynamics of water when it floods the marsh where the GCE LTER project operates an eddy covariance tower. b. Permanent Plots: N/A c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: Water samples for DIC, ALk and Sal were collected in 125 ml acid-cleaned glass bottles, and 10 µl of saturated HgCl2 solution was added for preservation. The sampling bottles for DIC and TA were rinsed at least twice with creek water. A notched rubber stopper with a tubing was used to let water flow into the bottle with minimal contact with air. These samples were stored at 7°C until laboratory analysis. DO and its percent saturation were continuously measured with a YSI-6920 along with ancillary data such as temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll fluorescence by mounting the YSI in the upstream of the sampling locaiton. Beginning of Observations: Feb 23, 2014 End of Observations: Oct 29, 2014 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Method 1: DIC Analysis -- DIC was measured through an automated DIC analyzer developed by Weijun Cai's group.  A syringe pump was used to pump the sample and acid (10% H3PO4) into the reactor. CO2 was released from acidified samples in the reactor and was subsequently measured by the infrared CO2 analyzer. Finally, DIC was calculated by integrating the area under the CO2 curve over time (< 2 mins) in the CO2 analyzer.  Details of sampling, storage and analysis for DIC, Alk, pCO2 and pH are decribed in "Wang, Z.A. and Cai, W.J., 2004. Carbon dioxide degassing and inorganic carbon export from a marsh-dominated estuary (the Duplin River): A marsh CO2 pump. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(2), pp.341-354.D15" Method 2: Total Alkalinity Titration -- Total alkalinity (TA) was determined in a 50-ml sample by Gran titration (Gran, 1952) to an endpoint pH of 3.2 using HCl solution. The titrations were carried out by an automatic device using a Kloehn digital syringe and drive modules. Details of sampling, storage and analysis for DIC, Alk, pCO2 and pH are decribed in "Wang, Z.A. and Cai, W.J., 2004. Carbon dioxide degassing and inorganic carbon export from a marsh-dominated estuary (the Duplin River): A marsh CO2 pump. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(2), pp.341-354.D15" Method 3: Dissolved Oxygen -- DO and its percent saturation were continuously measured with a YSI-6920 along with ancillary data such as temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll fluorescence by mounting the YSI in the upstream of the sampling locaiton. The YSI was calibrated in moist air at sea level just prior to sampling. b. Instrumentation: Method 1: Automated DIC Analyzer Parameter: Total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Accuracy: 0.1-0.15%, Range: 100 to 10000 µmol/kg) Protocol: The system is calibrated before and after each measurement using certified reference material (CRM) from A. G. Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. Method 2: Alk Titration Method 3: YSI-6920 c. Taxonomy and Systematics: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable d. Speclies List: e. Permit History: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: Shiyu Wang 2: Charles S. Hopkinson 3: Wei-Jun Cai 4: Daniela Di Iorio 5: Joel Craig 6: Caroline M. Reddy 7: Emily Davenport b. Affiliations: 1: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 2: University of Georgia, Athens, GA 3: University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 4: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 5: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 6: University of Georgia, Sapelo Island, Georgia 7: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 25-May-2016 2. Latest Archive Date: 25-May-2016 3. Latest Metadata Update: 25-May-2016 4. Data Verification Status: In Review B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Wade M. Sheldon, Jr. Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: sheldon@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: All publications based on this data set must cite the contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information Management Office. a. Release Date: Affiliates: May 04, 2016, Public: Oct 29, 2016 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from NSF OCE 1237140 (data set CHM-GCET-1605a) c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: CHM-GCET-1605a_DO_1_0.CSV 2. Size: 2286 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value, E = estimated value 7. Authentication Procedures: 8. Calculations: 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.4b (09-Nov-2015) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data file processed: CHM-GCET-1605a_DO.txt (2286 records) Data processing history: 25-May-2016: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 25-May-2016: 2286 rows imported from ASCII data file 'CHM-GCET-1605a_DO.txt' ('imp_ascii') 25-May-2016: 83 metadata fields in file header parsed ('parse_header') 25-May-2016: data structure validated ('gce_valid') 25-May-2016: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-May-2016: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 25-May-2016: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 25-May-2016: updated 48 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 25-May-2016: flags for columns Temperature, SpCond, Salinity, pH, Chlorophyll, ODO and ODOsat converted to data columns, flag codes updated in metadata ('flags2cols') 25-May-2016: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data sections ('addmeta') 25-May-2016: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 25-May-2016: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Date column 2. Time_EST column 3. Temperature column 4. Flag_Temperature column 5. SpCond column 6. Flag_SpCond column 7. Salinity column 8. Flag_Salinity column 9. pH column 10. Flag_pH column 11. Chlorophyll column 12. Flag_Chlorophyll column 13. ODO column 14. Flag_ODO column 15. ODOsat column 16. Flag_ODOsat column 17. Latitude column 18. Longitude 2. Variable Definition: column 1. Date sample was taken column 2. Time sample was taken in Eastern Standard Time column 3. water temperature in situ column 4. QA/QC flags for water temperature in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is Temperature: x<0="Q", x>40="Q") column 5. Specific conductivity in situ column 6. QA/QC flags for Specific conductivity in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is SpCond: ) column 7. Salinity in situ column 8. QA/QC flags for Salinity in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is Salinity: x<0="I", x>35="Q") column 9. pH in situ column 10. QA/QC flags for pH in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is pH: x<0="I", x>14="I", x<7="Q", x>8.5="Q") column 11. Chlorophyll in situ column 12. QA/QC flags for Chlorophyll in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is Chlorophyll: ) column 13. Dissolved oxygen in situ column 14. QA/QC flags for Dissolved oxygen in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is ODO: x<0="I", x>30="Q") column 15. Dissolved oxygen saturation in situ column 16. QA/QC flags for Dissolved oxygen saturation in situ (flagging criteria, where "x" is ODOsat: x<0="I", x>150="Q") column 17. Location where all the samples were taken column 18. Location where all the samples were taken 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. mm/dd/yyyy column 2. hh:mm:ss column 3. C column 4. none column 5. mS/cm column 6. none column 7. ppt column 8. none column 9. none column 10. none column 11. ug/L column 12. none column 13. mg/L column 14. none column 15. % column 16. none column 17. Decimal degrees column 18. Decimal degrees 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. string column 2. string column 3. floating-point column 4. string column 5. floating-point column 6. string column 7. floating-point column 8. string column 9. floating-point column 10. string column 11. floating-point column 12. string column 13. floating-point column 14. string column 15. floating-point column 16. string column 17. floating-point column 18. floating-point b. Variable Codes: Flag_pH: Q = questionable value c. Numeric Range: column 1. (none) column 2. (none) column 3. 18.66 to 35.27 column 4. (none) column 5. 0.128 to 46.87 column 6. (none) column 7. 0.06 to 30.5 column 8. (none) column 9. 6.85 to 8.13 column 10. (none) column 11. -3.9 to 500 column 12. (none) column 13. 0.11 to 9.52 column 14. (none) column 15. 1.6 to 112 column 16. (none) column 17. 31.4434 to 31.4434 column 18. -81.2861 to -81.2861 d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. text column 2. text column 3. numerical column 4. text column 5. numerical column 6. text column 7. numerical column 8. text column 9. numerical column 10. text column 11. numerical column 12. text column 13. numerical column 14. text column 15. numerical column 16. text column 17. numerical column 18. numerical b. Number of Columns: 18 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 0 column 3. 2 column 4. 0 column 5. 2 column 6. 0 column 7. 2 column 8. 0 column 9. 2 column 10. 0 column 11. 1 column 12. 0 column 13. 2 column 14. 0 column 15. 1 column 16. 0 column 17. 6 column 18. 6 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. datetime (none) column 2. datetime (none) column 3. data (continuous) column 4. coded value (none) column 5. data (continuous) column 6. coded value (none) column 7. data (continuous) column 8. coded value (none) column 9. data (continuous) column 10. coded value (none) column 11. data (continuous) column 12. coded value (none) column 13. data (continuous) column 14. coded value (none) column 15. data (continuous) column 16. coded value (none) column 17. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 18. geographic coordinate (continuous) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. x<0="Q";x>40="Q" column 4. none column 5. none column 6. none column 7. x<0="I";x>35="Q" column 8. none column 9. x<0="I";x>14="I";x<7="Q";x>8.5="Q" column 10. none column 11. none column 12. none column 13. x<0="I";x>30="Q" column 14. none column 15. x<0="I";x>150="Q" column 16. none column 17. x<0="I";x>90="I" column 18. x<-180="I";x>180="I" C. Data Anomalies: V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: 2. Form Location: 3. Data Entry Validation: B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: C. Supplemental Materials: D. Computer Programs: E. Archival Practices: F. Publications: not specified G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: not specified 2. Data Set Update History: none 3. Review History: none 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none