I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: James T. Hollibaugh. 2017. Seasonal Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea and Ammonia-Oxidation Rates in the South Atlantic Bight from April to November 2014. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set MIC-GCED-1704; http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/dataset_details.asp?accession=MIC-GCED-1704) B. Accession Number: MIC-GCED-1704 C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: James T. Hollibaugh Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: aquadoc@uga.edu 2. Abstract: Previous work in nearshore waters of the Georgia USA coast has demonstrated mid-summer peaks in the abundance of Thaumarchaeota (blooms with 100 to 1,000-fold increases) accompanied by spikes in nitrite concentration. These studies were performed at one location, so the areal extent of the bloom is unknown, nor has it been demonstrated conclusively that it develops in inshore waters. We collected data on rates of ammonia oxidation and the distribution of Thaumarchaeota, ammonia-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina and environmental variables during 6 cruises aboard the UNOLS vessel R/V Savannah from April to November 2014 on transects of the South Atlantic Bight to evaluate the areal extent and timing of the bloom. This data set includes measurements of Chlorophyll-a concentration, PAR attenuation coefficient, oxygen concenrations, temperature, salinity and nitogenous nutrient concentrations (nitrite, nitrite + nitrate, ammonium, urea), and estimates of Archaea, bacteria and diatom gene concentration based on quantitative PCR. 3. Study Type: Directed Study 4. Study Themes: Microbiology, General Nutrient Chemistry 5. LTER Core Areas: Other Site Research 6. Georeferences: geographic coordinates as data columns 7. Submission Date: Feb 07, 2017 D. Keywords: ammonia, ammonia oxidizing archaea, amoA, Archaea, GCE, Georgia, Georgia Coastal Ecosystems, LTER, microbes, microbial, microbiology, nitrification, Nitrospina, Sapelo Island, South Atlantic Bight, Thaumarchaeota, USA II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project III 2. Principal Investigators: Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu 3. Funding Period: Nov 01, 2012 to Nov 01, 2018 4. Objectives: The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. 5. Abstract: The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER is located along three adjacent sounds on the Atlantic coast and includes both intertidal marshes and estuaries. Long-term drivers of climate change, sea level rise and human alterations of the landscape will cause transitions in dominant habitat types (state changes) within the GCE domain by changing the amounts and patterns of water delivery across the landscape. These changes in water delivery can be conceptualized as presses and pulses in river inflow, local runoff, groundwater input, and tidal inundation, which will in turn manifest themselves as changes in salinity and inundation patterns in the domain. The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. The goals are to: 1) Track long-term changes in climate and human actions in the watershed and adjacent uplands, and evaluate the effects of these drivers on domain boundary conditions. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological, and to evaluate how they are affected by variations in river inflow and other boundary conditions. 3) Characterize the responses of three dominant habitats in the domain to pulses and presses in salinity and inundation. 4) Describe patterns of habitat provisioning and C sequestration and export in the GCE domain, and to evaluate how these might be affected by changes in salinity and inundation. These efforts will be synthesized into a synoptic understanding of both biotic and ecosystem responses to variations in salinity and inundation driven by climate change and human activities, which will be used to assess thresholds between habitats and the potential for state changes in the domain. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE 1237140 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: GCE-OS -- Off-shore Transect, Georgia, USA Coordinates: GCE-OS -- NW: 081 27 41.04 W, 32 10 41.63 N NE: 078 55 23.93 W, 32 10 41.63 N SE: 078 55 23.93 W, 29 57 56.22 N SW: 081 27 41.04 W, 29 57 56.22 N b. Physiographic Region: GCE-OS -- unspecified c. Landform Components: GCE-OS -- unspecified d. Hydrographic Characteristics: GCE-OS -- unspecified e. Topographic Attributes: GCE-OS -- unspecified f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: GCE-OS -- unspecified g. Vegetation Communities: GCE-OS -- not applicable h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: none recorded i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2010: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 20.09°C (7.28°C) minimum air temperature: 15.02°C (7.96°C) maximum air temperature: 24.82°C (6.98°C) total precipitation: 3.26mm (10.3mm) Yearly-aggregated Daily Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1980-2010): 1124mm (266mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: Study 1: SAV-14-08 Cruise -- April cruise leg aboard the R/V Savannah out of Savannah, Georgia. Samples were collected along transects from geographic latitude and longitude coordinates 31.5426 , -81.2092 to 31.5193 , -80.7308. Study 2: SAV-14-11 Cruise -- May cruise leg aboard the R/V Savannah out of Savannah, Georgia. Samples were collected along transects from geographic latitude and longitude coordinates 31.3200 , -81.2938 to 31.8487 ,-80.8731. Study 3: SAV-14-18 Cruise -- July cruise leg aboard the R/V Savannah out of Savannah, Georgia. Samples were collected along transects from geographic latitude and longitude coordinates 31.3795 , -81.2898 to 31.5125 , -80.5867. Study 4: SAV-14-19 Cruise -- August cruise leg aboard the R/V Savannah out of Savannah, Georgia. Samples were collected along transects from geographic latitude and longitude coordinates 31.5423 , -81.2106 to 31.5787 , -80.7633. Study 5: SAV-14-23 Cruise -- September cruise leg aboard the R/V Savannah out of Savannah, Georgia. Samples were collected along transects from geographic latitude and longitude coordinates 31.9233 , -80.9652 to 31.5124 , -80.5899. Study 6: SAV-14-28 Cruise -- November cruise leg aboard the R/V Savannah out of Savannah, Georgia. Samples were collected along transects from geographic latitude and longitude coordinates 31.5329 , -81.0588 to 31.7129, -81.1424. b. Permanent Plots: Study 1: none Study 2: none Study 3: none Study 4: none Study 5: none Study 6: none c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: Study 1: Water samples were collected from multiple depths at discrete stations along the transect using an A-frame-mounted CTD rosette sampler. Study 2: Water samples were collected from multiple depths at discrete stations along the transect using an A-frame-mounted CTD rosette sampler. Study 3: Water samples were collected from multiple depths at discrete stations along the transect using an A-frame-mounted CTD rosette sampler. Study 4: Water samples were collected from multiple depths at discrete stations along the transect using an A-frame-mounted CTD rosette sampler. Study 5: Water samples were collected from multiple depths at discrete stations along the transect using an A-frame-mounted CTD rosette sampler. Study 6: Water samples were collected from multiple depths at discrete stations along the transect using an A-frame-mounted CTD rosette sampler. Beginning of Observations: Study 1: Apr 02, 2014 Study 2: May 15, 2014 Study 3: Jul 15, 2014 Study 4: Aug 04, 2014 Study 5: Sep 23, 2014 Study 6: Nov 03, 2014 End of Observations: Study 1: Apr 06, 2014 Study 2: May 18, 2014 Study 3: Jul 19, 2014 Study 4: Aug 07, 2014 Study 5: Sep 30, 2014 Study 6: Nov 07, 2014 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Method 1: Sampling -- Samples were collected on 6 cruises of the R/V Savannah across the SAB (2-6 April, 15-18 May, 15-19 July, 4-7 Aug, 23-30 Sept and 3-7 Nov of 2014); station locations are shown in Figure S1. The stations were divided into four regions: inshore, nearshore, mid-shelf and shelf-break, based on their locations and physical properties (Atkinson et al 1985). Station C8 is on the edge of the shelf-break and is influenced by intrusions of the Gulf Stream; thus, C8 was considered as a shelf-break station in this study (Fig. S1). Surface and bottom water samples were collected from all stations, but we also collected samples at depths of 75 (or 100) m and 200 m at shelf-break stations C9 and C10. Details of sampling stations, depths and time are given in Table S1. Seawater samples were collected using 12 L Niskin bottles mounted on a CTD rosette. Profiles of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, relative fluorescence) were taken by sensors mounted on the CTD during hydrocasts to collect water samples. Method 2: Sample Processing -- Approximately 1L of water from each station and depth sampled was filtered through 0.22 µm pore size Durapore filters (Millipore). The filters were then placed in Whirl-Pak bags, 2 mL of lysis buffer (0.75 M sucrose, 40 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris; pH=8.3) was added, and the filters were frozen on dry ice and stored at -80°C until they were processed. DNA was extracted from filters by first lysing cells with lysozyme and sodium dodecyl sulfate/proteinase K, followed by a phenol-chloroform extraction as described previously (Bano and Hollibaugh 2000, Tolar et al 2013). Approximately 100 mL of the filtrate was frozen at -20 °C for nutrient analysis (NO2, NO3, NH4 and urea). Ammonium was measured using a fluorometric method described in Holmes et al (1999). Nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) was analyzed by reducing nitrate to nitrite with cadmium (Jones 1984), and nitrite was determined following Strickland and Parsons (1972). Urea was measured following Mulvenna and Savidge (1992) and Revilla et al (2005). A total of ~1 L of seawater was filtered through 47 mm diameter Whatman GF/C glass fiber filters to collect chlorophyll a during all cruises except May. Two or three drops (~0.1 to 0.2 mL) of magnesium carbonate (0.01 g mL-1) were added to the sample at the end of the filtration to avoid degradation to phaeophytin. Filters were wrapped in aluminum foil and stored at -20 °C until processed. Chlorophyll a was extracted in 90% acetone and measured spectrophotometrically as described in Strickland and Parsons (1972). Method 3: Quantitative PCR -- All quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses were performed on a C1000 TouchTM Thermal cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). qPCR reactions were run in triplicate with a dilution series of standards made from environmental amplicons as described in Kalanetra et al (2009) and Tolar et al (2013). We determined the abundance (copies L-1) of Thaumarchaeota and Bacteria 16S rRNA genes (rrs); Archaea and betaproteobacteria amoA genes; and Nitrospina 16S rRNA (rrs) genes. Thaumarchaeota and Bacteria rrs were detected using TaqMan probes and iTaq Universal Probes Super Mix (Bio-Rad), while all other genes were quantified using SYBRgreen (iTaq Universal SYBRgreen Supermix, Bio-Rad). The primers and probes used and resulting qPCR efficiencies are given in Table S2. Note that Archaea amoA was quantified using the Wuchter et al (2006) primer set, which is biased against amoA genes from the deep-water clade of AOA (Beman et al 2008, Tolar et al 2013) that we encountered at shelf-break stations. Thaumarchaeota abundance was calculated from gene abundance (copies per liter assuming 100% extraction efficiency, calculated from copies per reaction, volume filtered for each sample, extract volume and the volume of template used in each reaction), assuming one rrs or amoA gene per Thaumarchaeota genome (IMG database). The relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota (percent of prokaryotes) was calculated assuming 1.8 rrs per Bacteria genome (Biers et al 2009) as described in Kalanetra et al (2009). Method 4: Phylogenetic Analysis -- We generated clone libraries of Thaumarchaeota rrs and Archaea amoA amplicons from DNA in surface water samples collected at inshore (SAPES, DOBES and ALTES), nearshore (C1) and mid-shelf (C4) stations, as well as from samples taken at 10 and 200 m at the shelf-break station (C10) on the July cruise. We chose July to coincide with the onset of growth of the inshore Thaumarchaeota population (Tolar 2014). Archaea rrs (~900 bp) and amoA (~635 bp) fragments were amplified using the primers listed in Table S2 . The products of three reactions were pooled to minimize PCR bias and electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel. Bands of the correct product size were excised, DNA was extracted from the gel and cloned followed the protocol described previously (Kalanetra et al 2009, Tolar et al 2013). Clones were selected randomly from each library and sequenced with the plasmid primer M13F (-21) (Genewiz, Inc.). Vector contamination was identified by BLAST (Zhang et al 2000) and removed from the dataset. Sequences were trimmed and aligned against reference sequences using Geneious 8.1.7 (Drummond et al 2012). Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were defined with identity cutoffs of 0.01 for Thaumarchaeota rrs and 0.02 for Archaea amoA. Euryarchaeota rrs sequences were abundant in clone libraries of Archaea rrs from mid-shelf samples, and Euryarchaeota rrs OTUs were defined with a cutoff of 0.03. Phylogenetic trees of Archaea amoA, Thaumarchaeota rrs and Euryarchaeota rrs were constructed using MR BAYES implemented in Geneious 8.1.7 (Drummond et al 2012). Method 5: Ammonia Oxidation Rates -- AO rates were measured in 24 h incubations at in situ temperatures in the dark using 15N-labeled ammonium (>99 atom-percent 15NH4Cl; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Tewksbury, MA) added to a final concentration of 50 nM. Incubations were terminated by freezing at -20 °C. Controls were frozen immediately after the addition of 15NH4Cl. The 15NOx produced was measured using the "denitrifier method" (Sigman et al 2001) as described previously (Beman et al 2012, Dore et al 1998, Popp et al 1995). Briefly, 15N2O produced from NO2- and NO3- by incubation with the denitrifier Pseudomonas aureofaciens cultures was transferred from a reaction vial, cryofocused, separated from other gases using a 0.32-mm i.d. × 25 m capillary column packed with 5 µm CP-PoraBOND Q (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) at room temperature, and introduced into a Finnigan MAT-252 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). 15N2O concentrations and ?15N were determined to calculate the AO rates with a modified equation described previously (Beman et al 2011, Beman et al 2012, Ward et al 1989). Method 6: Statistical Analysis -- Model II, major axis linear regressions (Legendre and Legendre 1998) were calculated using R statistical software (https://www.r-project.org/) to determine the relationships between abundances of targeted genes. Confidence intervals were computed for the slopes and intercepts from 999 bootstrap permutations. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to calculate correlation coefficients (R) between pairs of variables. Statistical significance was evaluated at a 95% confidence interval. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to determine the relationship between environmental variables and the seasonal distribution of Thaumarchaeota in the SAB with 999 Monte-Carlo permutations using the software package CANOCO (4.5; (ter Braak and Šmilauer 2002). Variables were log-transformed prior to analysis. b. Protocols: Method 1: none Method 2: none Method 3: none Method 4: none Method 5: none Method 6: none c. Instrumentation: Method 1: SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#208) Conductivity Sensor Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (Model: 4C 6800m) Parameter: conductivity (Accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, Readability: 0.00004 S/m, Range: 0 to 7 S/m) Protocol: instrument is soaked at the surface for 60 seconds, then lowered by winch for vertical profling SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#208) Pressure Sensor Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (Model: SBE 29 (PAINE 211-75-710-03)) Parameter: pressure (Accuracy: 0.25%, Range: 0-1000 psia) Protocol: instrument is soaked at the surface for 60 seconds, then lowered by winch for vertical profling SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#208) Temperature Sensor Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (Model: 3F 6800m) Parameter: temperature (Accuracy: +/-0.001°C, Range: -5.0°C to +35°C) Protocol: instrument is soaked at the surface for 60 seconds, then lowered by winch for vertical profling Method 2: Spectrophotometer Method 3: C1000 TouchTM Thermal cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) Method 4: none Method 5: Finnigan MAT-252 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) Method 6: none d. Taxonomy and Systematics: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable Method 4: not applicable Method 5: not applicable Method 6: not applicable e. Speclies List: f. Permit History: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable Method 4: not applicable Method 5: not applicable Method 6: not applicable 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: James T. Hollibaugh 2: Qian Liu 3: Bradley Tolar 4: Meredith Ross 5: Jelani Cheek 6: Corinne Sweeney 7: Natalie J. Wallsgrove 8: Brian N. Popp b. Affiliations: 1: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 2: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3: Stanford University, Stanford, California 4: Vanderbilt Univsity 5: University of Georgia 6: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 7: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 8: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawii III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 25-Apr-2017 2. Latest Archive Date: 25-Apr-2017 3. Latest Metadata Update: 25-Apr-2017 4. Data Verification Status: New Submission B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Wade M. Sheldon, Jr. Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: sheldon@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: All publications based on this data set must cite the contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information Management Office. a. Release Date: Affiliates: Feb 07, 2017, Public: Feb 07, 2019 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from NSF OCE 1237140 (data set MIC-GCED-1704) c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: MIC-GCED-1704_1_0.CSV 2. Size: 385 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value, E = estimated value 7. Authentication Procedures: 8. Calculations: 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.7 (04-Apr-2017) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data file processed: MIC-GCED-1704.txt (385 records) Data processing history: 25-Apr-2017: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 25-Apr-2017: 385 rows imported from ASCII data file 'MIC-GCED-1704.txt' ('imp_ascii') 25-Apr-2017: 83 metadata fields in file header parsed ('parse_header') 25-Apr-2017: data structure validated ('gce_valid') 25-Apr-2017: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Apr-2017: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 25-Apr-2017: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 25-Apr-2017: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 25-Apr-2017: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 25-Apr-2017: flags for columns Nitrite_Conc, NOx_Conc and Urea_Conc converted to data columns, flag codes updated in metadata ('flags2cols') 25-Apr-2017: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data sections ('addmeta') 25-Apr-2017: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 25-Apr-2017: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Cruise_Identifier column 2. Date column 3. Time column 4. Station column 5. CTD_Cast column 6. Depth (m) column 7. Latitude column 8. Longitude column 9. Zone column 10. Chlorophyll_a_Fluor column 11. Chlorophyll_a_Conc column 12. PAR_kz column 13. Oxygen_Conc column 14. Temperature column 15. Salinity column 16. Arch_amoA column 17. Crenarchaeota_rrs column 18. Betaproteobacteria_amoA column 19. Bacteria_rrs column 20. Nitrospina_rrs column 21. Diatom_rrs column 22. Ammonia_Oxidation_Rate column 23. Nitrite_Conc column 24. Flag_Nitrite_Conc column 25. NOx_Conc column 26. Flag_NOx_Conc column 27. Ammonium_Conc column 28. Urea_Conc column 29. Flag_Urea_Conc 2. Variable Definition: column 1. R2R catalog identifier for this cruise column 2. Sampling date: MM/DD/YYYY column 3. Time of day for CTD cast, sample collection, HH:MM, 24 hour clock, Eastern Standard Time column 4. Station Identifier. ALTES, DOBES and SAPES are stations withing the estuary (HW and LW are high versus low tide), CRA is someone's initials, SA is Saint Andrews Sound, SC is Saint Catherines Sound, SS is Saint Simon's Sound, OS is Ossabaw Sound, WS is Wassaw Sound, MK### are channel markers in the Intracoastal Waterway, and letters followed by numbers are offshore transects with lowest number being closest to the shore. column 5. Sequential number of each CTD casts on each cruise column 6. Depth sampled in meters column 7. Latitude in decimal degrees column 8. Longitude in decimal degrees column 9. Arbitratry assignment of stations to zones in the study area identified by location and water properties: I = Inshore, N = Nearshore, M = midshelf, S = Shelf-break column 10. Relative Fluorescence measured by the fluometer on the Niskin roestte sampler converted to mg Chl a L-1 using a regression equation based on extracted chlorophyll data: Chl a = 1.7869RF - 2.2541, R² = 0.83 column 11. Chlorophyll a concentration measured using a fluorometer column 12. PAR attenuation coefficient kz in m-1 calculated as the slope of log(PAR) vs depth column 13. Dissolved oxygen concentration in mg L-1 from the oxygen sensor on the ship's CTD column 14. Water temperature from the CTD in Centigrade degrees column 15. Salinity calculated from water temperature and condictivity from the ship's CTD, practical salinity units column 16. Concentration of genes for Archaeal ammonia monooxygenase subunit A determined by qPCR in units of copies L-1 column 17. Concentration of genes for Marine Group 1 Archaea (Thaumarchaeota) 16S rRNA determined by qPCR in units of copies L-1 column 18. Concentration of genes for Betaproteobacteria ammonia monooxygenase subunit A determined by qPCR in units of copies L-1 column 19. Concentration of genes for Bacteria 16S rRNA determined by qPCR in units of copies L-1 column 20. Concentration of genes for Nitrospina 16S rRNA determined by qPCR in units of copies L-1 column 21. Concentration of genes for diatom 18S rRNA determined by qPCR in units of copies L-1 column 22. Ammonia oxidation rate determined from conversion of 15N-labeled ammonium to 15N-labeled nitrite plus nitrate, in units of nmol L-1 d-1 column 23. Nitrite concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 column 24. QA/QC flags for Nitrite concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 (flagging criteria, where "x" is Nitrite_Conc: x<0="I") column 25. Nitrite plus nitrate concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 column 26. QA/QC flags for Nitrite plus nitrate concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 (flagging criteria, where "x" is NOx_Conc: x<0="I") column 27. Ammonium concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 column 28. Urea concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 column 29. QA/QC flags for Urea concentration in 10-6 moles L-1 (flagging criteria, where "x" is Urea_Conc: x<0="I") 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. none column 2. YYYY-MM-DD column 3. hh:mm column 4. none column 5. none column 6. m column 7. degrees column 8. degrees column 9. none column 10. mg/m^3 column 11. ug/L column 12. 1/m column 13. ml/L column 14. °C column 15. PSU column 16. copies/L column 17. copies/L column 18. copies/L column 19. copies/L column 20. copies/L column 21. copies/L column 22. nanomoles/L/d column 23. micromolar column 24. none column 25. micromolar column 26. none column 27. micromolar column 28. micromolar column 29. none 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. string column 2. string column 3. string column 4. string column 5. string column 6. floating-point column 7. floating-point column 8. floating-point column 9. string column 10. floating-point column 11. floating-point column 12. floating-point column 13. floating-point column 14. floating-point column 15. floating-point column 16. exponential column 17. exponential column 18. exponential column 19. exponential column 20. exponential column 21. exponential column 22. floating-point column 23. floating-point column 24. string column 25. floating-point column 26. string column 27. floating-point column 28. floating-point column 29. string b. Variable Codes: Zone: I = Inshore, N = Nearshore, M = midshelf, S = Shelf-break Flag_Nitrite_Conc: I = invalid value Flag_NOx_Conc: I = invalid value Flag_Urea_Conc: I = invalid value c. Numeric Range: column 1. (none) column 2. (none) column 3. (none) column 4. (none) column 5. (none) column 6. 0.9 to 440 column 7. 30.9816 to 31.9248 column 8. -81.4279 to -79.5517 column 9. (none) column 10. 0.24 to 16.71 column 11. 0 to 30.1 column 12. 0.04 to 4.03 column 13. 2.8 to 9.97 column 14. 7.7 to 30.2 column 15. 3 to 36.6 column 16. 0 to 57500000 column 17. 611 to 146000000 column 18. 39.5 to 253000 column 19. 1770000 to 159000000000 column 20. 237 to 1180000 column 21. 508000 to 5750000000 column 22. 0 to 842.33 column 23. -0.03 to 3.28 column 24. (none) column 25. -0.04 to 32.73 column 26. (none) column 27. 0.02 to 6.16 column 28. -0.06 to 0.99 column 29. (none) d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. text column 2. text column 3. text column 4. text column 5. text column 6. numerical column 7. numerical column 8. numerical column 9. text column 10. numerical column 11. numerical column 12. numerical column 13. numerical column 14. numerical column 15. numerical column 16. numerical column 17. numerical column 18. numerical column 19. numerical column 20. numerical column 21. numerical column 22. numerical column 23. numerical column 24. text column 25. numerical column 26. text column 27. numerical column 28. numerical column 29. text b. Number of Columns: 29 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 0 column 3. 0 column 4. 0 column 5. 0 column 6. 2 column 7. 6 column 8. 6 column 9. 0 column 10. 2 column 11. 1 column 12. 2 column 13. 2 column 14. 1 column 15. 1 column 16. 2 column 17. 2 column 18. 2 column 19. 2 column 20. 2 column 21. 2 column 22. 2 column 23. 2 column 24. 0 column 25. 2 column 26. 0 column 27. 2 column 28. 2 column 29. 0 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. nominal (none) column 2. datetime (none) column 3. datetime (none) column 4. nominal (none) column 5. nominal (none) column 6. data (continuous) column 7. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 8. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 9. coded value (none) column 10. data (continuous) column 11. data (continuous) column 12. data (continuous) column 13. data (continuous) column 14. data (continuous) column 15. data (continuous) column 16. data (continuous) column 17. data (continuous) column 18. data (continuous) column 19. data (continuous) column 20. data (continuous) column 21. data (continuous) column 22. data (continuous) column 23. data (continuous) column 24. coded value (none) column 25. data (continuous) column 26. coded value (none) column 27. data (continuous) column 28. data (continuous) column 29. coded value (none) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. none column 4. none column 5. none column 6. x<0="I";x>600="Q" column 7. x<-90="I";x>90="I";x<29="Q";x>33="Q" column 8. x<-180="I";x>180="I";x<-82="Q";x>-79="Q" column 9. flag_notinlist(x,"I,N,M,S")="Q" column 10. x<0="I" column 11. x<0="I" column 12. x<0="I" column 13. x<0="I";x<2="Q";x>10="Q" column 14. x<5="Q";x>35="Q" column 15. x<0="I";x>37="Q" column 16. x<0="I" column 17. x<0="I" column 18. x<0="I" column 19. x<0="I" column 20. x<0="I" column 21. x<0="I" column 22. x<0="I" column 23. x<0="I" column 24. none column 25. x<0="I" column 26. none column 27. x<0="I" column 28. x<0="I" column 29. none C. Data Anomalies: V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: 2. Form Location: 3. Data Entry Validation: B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: C. Supplemental Materials: D. Computer Programs: E. Archival Practices: F. Publications: not specified G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: not specified 2. Data Set Update History: none 3. Review History: none 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none