I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: Merryl Alber. 2016. Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from November 2013 to December 2022. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set NUT-GCEM-1609; /data/NUT-GCEM-1609) B. Accession Number: NUT-GCEM-1609 C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu 2. Abstract: Water samples were collected on Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cruises from November 2012 through December 2022. Monthly samples were collected from GCE 6 (high and low tide) and GCE 7 (high tide). Quarterly samples were collected from the remaining GCE sites and AL-02, the Altamaha River oceanic end-member station. Concentrations of the following were measured using standard analytical methods: dissolved nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, silicate), dissolved organics (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) and particulate carbon and nitrogen, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, total suspended solids and loss on ignition. 3. Study Type: Monitoring 4. Study Themes: General Nutrient Chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Matter/Decomposition, Phytoplankton Productivity 5. LTER Core Areas: Inorganic Matter, Organic Matter 6. Georeferences: geographic coordinates as data columns 7. Submission Date: Sep 01, 2016 D. Keywords: Altamaha Sound, ammonia, carbon to nitrogen ratio, chlorophyll a, dissolved nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, Doboy Sound, Duplin River, estuaries, GCE, Georgia, Georgia Coastal Ecosystems, Inorganic Matter, LTER, nitrate, nitrite, Organic Matter, phosphate, River Nutrient Sampling, Sapelo Island, Sapelo Sound, suspended solids, total nitrogen, USA, water quality II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER - IV 2. Principal Investigators: Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu 3. Funding Period: Feb 01, 2019 to Jan 31, 2025 4. Objectives: The GCE-LTER project has four goals. 1) Track environmental and human drivers that can cause perturbations in our focal ecosystems. This will be accomplished this through continuing long-term measurements of climate, water chemistry, oceanic exchange, and human activities on the landscape. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological characteristics of the study system (coastal wetland complexes) and how they respond to external drivers. This will be accomplished through field monitoring in combination with remote sensing and modeling. 3) Characterize the ecological responses of intertidal marshes to disturbance. This will be accomplished by ongoing monitoring and experimental work to evaluate system responses to major perturbations in three key marsh habitats (changes in inundation and predator exclusion in Spartina-dominated salt marshes; increases in salinity in fresh marshes; changes in runoff in high marshes), by implementing standardized experimental disturbances along salinity and elevation gradients, and by tracking responses to natural disturbances. 4) Evaluate ecosystem properties at the landscape level (habitat distribution, net and gross primary production, C budgets) and assess the cumulative effects of disturbance on these properties. The project will also develop relationships between drivers and response variables, which can be used to predict the effects of future changes. This will be accomplished through a combination of data synthesis, remote sensing and modeling. 5. Abstract: The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, based at the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island, Georgia, was established in 2000 to study long-term change in coastal ecosystems. Estuaries (places where salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water from the land) and their adjacent marshes provide food and refuge for fish, shellfish and birds; protect the shoreline from storms; help to keep the water clean; and store carbon. The GCE LTER researchers study marshes and estuaries to understand how these ecosystems function, to track how they change over time, and to predict how they might be affected by future changes in climate and human activities. They accomplish this by tracking the major factors that can cause long-term change in coastal areas (e.g. sea level, rainfall, upstream development), and measuring the effects of these factors on the study site. They also conduct focused studies to assess how key marsh habitats will respond to major changes expected in the future, including large-scale experiments to evaluate the effects of a) increases in the salinity of the water that floods freshwater marshes (mimicking drought and/or sea level rise), b) changes in water runoff from land into the upland marsh border (mimicking drought or upland development), and c) exclusion of larger organisms in the salt marsh (mimicking long-term declines in predators). During this award they will initiate additional studies to systematically evaluate how coastal wetlands respond to disturbances. Disturbances, or disruptions in the environment, are particularly important to understand in the context of long-term background changes such as increasing sea level, and GCE researchers are working to assess the cumulative effects of multiple disturbances on the landscape. The GCE education and outreach program works to share an understanding of coastal ecosystems with teachers and students, coastal managers, citizen scientist and the general public. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE 1832178 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: GCE1 -- Eulonia, Georgia, USA GCE2 -- Four Mile Island, Georgia, USA GCE3 -- North Sapelo, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA GCE4 -- Meridian, Georgia, USA GCE5 -- Folly River, Georgia, USA GCE6 -- Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA GCE7 -- Carrs Island, Georgia, USA GCE8 -- Alligator Creek, Georgia, USA GCE9 -- Rockdedundy Island, Georgia, USA GCE10 -- Hunt Camp, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA GCE11 -- Tidal Forest, Georgia, USA GCE-SP -- Sapelo River, Georgia, USA GCE-DB -- Doboy Sound, Georgia, USA GCE-AL -- Altamaha River, Georgia, USA GCE-DP -- Duplin River, Georgia, USA AL+04 -- AL+04 AL+13 -- AL+13 AL+24 -- AL+24 AL+30 -- AL+30 AL-02 -- AL-02 DB+03 -- DB+03 DB+09 -- DB+09 DB+12.6 -- DB+12.6 DUP6 -- Duplin River station 6 (Flume Dock) SP+03 -- SP+03 SP+14 -- SP+14 SP+36 -- SP+36 Coordinates: GCE1 -- NW: 081 25 42.53 W, 31 32 48.30 N NE: 081 24 38.64 W, 31 32 48.30 N SE: 081 24 38.64 W, 31 32 02.27 N SW: 081 25 42.53 W, 31 32 02.27 N GCE2 -- NW: 081 19 08.26 W, 31 33 09.19 N NE: 081 17 34.24 W, 31 33 09.19 N SE: 081 17 34.24 W, 31 32 00.97 N SW: 081 19 08.26 W, 31 32 00.97 N GCE3 -- NW: 081 13 59.70 W, 31 32 48.72 N NE: 081 11 44.38 W, 31 32 48.72 N SE: 081 11 44.38 W, 31 30 54.68 N SW: 081 13 59.70 W, 31 30 54.68 N GCE4 -- NW: 081 22 14.71 W, 31 27 48.72 N NE: 081 21 26.12 W, 31 27 48.72 N SE: 081 21 26.12 W, 31 26 54.31 N SW: 081 22 14.71 W, 31 26 54.31 N GCE5 -- NW: 081 21 15.89 W, 31 26 33.14 N NE: 081 19 37.92 W, 31 26 33.14 N SE: 081 19 37.92 W, 31 25 03.50 N SW: 081 21 15.89 W, 31 25 03.50 N GCE6 -- NW: 081 17 58.28 W, 31 23 38.66 N NE: 081 15 51.76 W, 31 23 38.66 N SE: 081 15 51.76 W, 31 22 15.61 N SW: 081 17 58.28 W, 31 22 15.61 N GCE7 -- NW: 081 29 36.59 W, 31 20 55.59 N NE: 081 28 33.24 W, 31 20 55.59 N SE: 081 28 33.24 W, 31 20 03.71 N SW: 081 29 36.59 W, 31 20 03.71 N GCE8 -- NW: 081 25 34.58 W, 31 19 04.11 N NE: 081 24 38.28 W, 31 19 04.11 N SE: 081 24 38.28 W, 31 18 14.63 N SW: 081 25 34.58 W, 31 18 14.63 N GCE9 -- NW: 081 20 48.23 W, 31 21 29.31 N NE: 081 19 35.38 W, 31 21 29.31 N SE: 081 19 35.38 W, 31 20 21.02 N SW: 081 20 48.23 W, 31 20 21.02 N GCE10 -- NW: 081 17 43.82 W, 31 29 49.29 N NE: 081 15 32.07 W, 31 29 49.29 N SE: 081 15 32.07 W, 31 27 44.35 N SW: 081 17 43.82 W, 31 27 44.35 N GCE11 -- NW: 081 29 31.88 W, 31 22 44.54 N NE: 081 29 26.62 W, 31 22 44.54 N SE: 081 29 26.62 W, 31 22 37.62 N SW: 081 29 31.88 W, 31 22 37.62 N GCE-SP -- NW: 081 25 55.13 W, 31 33 34.66 N NE: 081 09 14.84 W, 31 33 34.66 N SE: 081 09 14.84 W, 31 30 59.89 N SW: 081 25 55.13 W, 31 30 59.89 N GCE-DB -- NW: 081 22 05.66 W, 31 27 20.39 N NE: 081 14 34.64 W, 31 27 20.39 N SE: 081 14 34.64 W, 31 20 27.39 N SW: 081 22 05.66 W, 31 20 27.39 N GCE-AL -- NW: 081 34 56.32 W, 31 24 05.05 N NE: 081 14 16.57 W, 31 24 05.05 N SE: 081 14 16.57 W, 31 17 45.72 N SW: 081 34 56.32 W, 31 17 45.72 N GCE-DP -- NW: 081 18 07.15 W, 31 29 11.37 N NE: 081 15 47.25 W, 31 29 11.37 N SE: 081 15 47.25 W, 31 24 39.08 N SW: 081 18 07.15 W, 31 24 39.08 N AL+04 -- 81 19 39.0 W, 31 19 12.0 N AL+13 -- 81 24 26.4 W, 31 18 40.2 N AL+24 -- 81 28 30.0 W, 31 20 12.0 N AL+30 -- 81 29 36.0 W, 31 22 36.0 N AL-02 -- 81 15 55.2 W, 31 18 50.4 N DB+03 -- 81 18 07.8 W, 31 23 42.6 N DB+09 -- 81 20 11.0 W, 31 26 20.0 N DB+12.6 -- 81 21 42.5 W, 31 27 12.4 N DUP6 -- 81 16 06.0 W, 31 28 56.0 N SP+03 -- 81 12 28.3 W, 31 32 33.5 N SP+14 -- 81 19 01.7 W, 31 32 30.7 N SP+36 -- 81 25 24.6 W, 31 32 12.9 N b. Physiographic Region: GCE1 -- Lower coastal plain GCE2 -- Barrier island GCE3 -- Barrier island GCE4 -- Lower coastal plain GCE5 -- Barrier island GCE6 -- Barrier island GCE7 -- Lower coastal plain GCE8 -- Lower coastal plain GCE9 -- Barrier island GCE10 -- Barrier island GCE11 -- unspecified GCE-SP -- Estuary and tidal marsh GCE-DB -- Estuary and tidal marsh GCE-AL -- Estuary and tidal marsh GCE-DP -- Myxohaline tidal creek and marsh AL+04 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL+13 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL+24 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL+30 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL-02 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DB+03 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DB+09 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DB+12.6 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DUP6 -- Myxohaline tidal creek and marsh SP+03 -- Estuary and tidal marsh SP+14 -- Estuary and tidal marsh SP+36 -- Estuary and tidal marsh c. Landform Components: GCE1 -- Intertidal salt marsh bordering maritime forest GCE2 -- Intertidal salt marsh GCE3 -- Intertidal salt marsh, mud flat, and maritime forest GCE4 -- Intertidal salt marsh bordering maritime forest GCE5 -- Intertidal salt marsh GCE6 -- Intertidal salt marsh, sand beach, maritime forest GCE7 -- Freshwater tidal marsh, devegetated fields GCE8 -- Brackish tidal marsh GCE9 -- Intertidal salt marsh GCE10 -- Intertidal salt marsh bordering maritime forest GCE11 -- unspecified GCE-SP -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks GCE-DB -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks GCE-AL -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks GCE-DP -- Intertidal marsh bordering tidal channels and creeks AL+04 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL+13 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL+24 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL+30 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL-02 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DB+03 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DB+09 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DB+12.6 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DUP6 -- Intertidal marsh bordering tidal channels and creeks SP+03 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks SP+14 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks SP+36 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks d. Hydrographic Characteristics: GCE1 -- Site contains the upper reaches of the Sapelo River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE2 -- Site contains the Sapelo River and associated tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE3 -- Site includes Sapelo Sound and portions of Blackbeard Creek, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE4 -- Site includes Hudson Creek and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE5 -- Site contains the Folly River and borders Doboy Sound, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE6 -- Site contains Dean Creek and borders Doboy Sound, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE7 -- Site contains Hammersmith Creek and borders the South Champney River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE8 -- Site contains the Altamaha River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE9 -- Site contains Crooked Creek and borders the Little Mud River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE10 -- Site borders the Mud River and contains tidal creeks and the upper reach of the Duplin River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE11 -- unspecified GCE-SP -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. GCE-DB -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. GCE-AL -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. GCE-DP -- Site includes the Duplin River and various smaller tidal creeks and channels AL+04 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL+13 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL+24 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL+30 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL-02 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. DB+03 -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. DB+09 -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. DB+12.6 -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. DUP6 -- Site includes the Duplin River and various smaller tidal creeks and channels SP+03 -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. SP+14 -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. SP+36 -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. e. Topographic Attributes: GCE1 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE2 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE3 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE4 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE5 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE6 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE7 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE8 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE9 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE10 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE11 -- unspecified GCE-SP -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide GCE-DB -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide GCE-AL -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide GCE-DP -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+04 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+13 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+24 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+30 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL-02 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DB+03 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DB+09 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DB+12.6 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DUP6 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide SP+03 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide SP+14 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide SP+36 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: GCE1 -- unspecified GCE2 -- unspecified GCE3 -- unspecified GCE4 -- unspecified GCE5 -- unspecified GCE6 -- unspecified GCE7 -- unspecified GCE8 -- unspecified GCE9 -- unspecified GCE10 -- unspecified GCE11 -- unspecified GCE-SP -- unspecified GCE-DB -- unspecified GCE-AL -- unspecified GCE-DP -- unspecified AL+04 -- unspecified AL+13 -- unspecified AL+24 -- unspecified AL+30 -- unspecified AL-02 -- unspecified DB+03 -- unspecified DB+09 -- unspecified DB+12.6 -- unspecified DUP6 -- unspecified SP+03 -- unspecified SP+14 -- unspecified SP+36 -- unspecified g. Vegetation Communities: GCE1 -- Vegetation is 3/4 Juncus and 1/4 Spartina alterniflora, and upland area is heavily forested. GCE2 -- Spartina alterniflora all tall or medium. GCE3 -- Short and tall Spartina alterniflora, very small amounts of Juncus. GCE4 -- Vegetation is 1/4 Juncus, 3/4 medium and tall Spartina alterniflora. GCE5 -- Dominated by short and medium Spartina alterniflora, with areas of taller S. alterniflora near several small creeks. GCE6 -- Vegetation is mostly short and tall Spartina alterniflora, with small amounts of Juncus and Borrichia. GCE7 -- dominated by Zizaniopsis GCE8 -- Fringe of tall Spartina alterniflora and S. cynosuroides at creek banks. High marsh has narrow band of medium height S. alterniflora backed by vast expanses of Juncus. GCE9 -- Low marsh is tall Spartina alterniflora, high marsh has a small amount of medium Spartina alterniflora and lots of Juncus. Some hammocks with upland vegetation. GCE10 -- Vegetation mostly tall and medium Spartina alterniflora, with some Juncus present. Upland heavily forested. GCE11 -- unspecified GCE-SP -- unspecified GCE-DB -- unspecified GCE-AL -- unspecified GCE-DP -- unspecified AL+04 -- unspecified AL+13 -- unspecified AL+24 -- unspecified AL+30 -- unspecified AL-02 -- unspecified DB+03 -- unspecified DB+09 -- unspecified DB+12.6 -- unspecified DUP6 -- unspecified SP+03 -- unspecified SP+14 -- unspecified SP+36 -- unspecified h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: none recorded i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2010: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 20.09°C (7.28°C) minimum air temperature: 15.02°C (7.96°C) maximum air temperature: 24.82°C (6.98°C) total precipitation: 3.26mm (10.3mm) Yearly-aggregated Daily Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1980-2010): 1124mm (266mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: Water samples were collected on monthly Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cruises from for analysis of dissolved and particulate nutrient concentrations. Dissolved nutrient and Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen analysis is performed by the UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory. Chlorophyll and Total Suspended Sediment analysis is performed at the Univeristy of Georgia Marine Institute. b. Permanent Plots: none c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: Monthly samples were collected from GCE 6 (high and low tide) and GCE 7 (high tide). Quarterly samples were collected from the remaining GCE sites and AL-02, the Altamaha River oceanic end-member station Beginning of Observations: Nov 01, 2013 End of Observations: Dec 31, 2022 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Method 1: Nitrate Nitrite Measurement -- This method pertains to the determination of nitrite singly, or nitrite and nitrate combined in surface and saline waters, and domestic and industrial wastes using APHA Standard Method 4500-NO3 F. The applicable range of this method is 0.05 to 10.0 mg/l nitrate-nitrite nitrogen. The range may be extended with sample dilution. A filtered sample is passed through a column containing granulated copper-cadmium to reduce nitrate to nitrite. The nitrite (that originally present plus reduced nitrate) is determined by diazotizing with sulfanilamide and coupling with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form a highly colored azo dye which is measured colorimetrically. Separate, rather than combined nitrate-nitrite, values are readily obtained by carrying out the procedure first with, and then without, the Cu-Cd reduction step. Method 2: PC/PN Filitration -- Using 3 pre-combusted 25 mm GF/F filters in glass towers in manifold, a know volume of water was filtered through each and water voulume was recorded. Just as filter runs dry, the side of the filter tower was rinced with 5 ml aliquot of filtered sample water (from nutrient filtration). Filters were placed back into labeled covered petri dishes. Within 2 hours,petri dishes were placed into 60 °C drying oven, with covers off, for at least 12 hours. After 12 hours, petri dishes were removed and tops were returned and sealed tightly. Method 3: Phosphate Measurement -- This method covers the determination of the orthophosphate ion in drinking, surface and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes using APHA Standard Method 4500-P F. Ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate react in an acid medium with dilute solutions of phosphorus to form an antimony-phospho-molybdate complex. This complex is reduced to an intensely blue-colored complex by ascorbic acid. The color is proportional to the phosphorus concentration. Only orthophosphate forms a blue color in this test. Polyphosphates (and some organic phosphorus compounds) may be converted to the orthophosphate form by manual sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Organic phosphorus compounds may be converted to the orthophosphate form by manual persulfate digestion. The developed color is measured automatically on the AutoAnalyzer. Method 4: Ammonium Measurement -- This method covers the determination of ammonia in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes using APHA Standard Method 4500-NH3 G. Alkaline phenol and hypochlorite react with ammonia to form indophenol blue that is proportional to the ammonia concentration. The blue color formed is intensified with sodium nitroprusside. Samples can be preserved by addition of 2 ml conc. H2SO4 per liter and refrigeration at 4 degrees C. Method 5: Chlorophyll Filtration -- Using three 25 mm GF/F filters (fresh from box) in manifold, a know volume of water was filtered through each and water voulume was recorded. Just as filter runs dry, the side of the filter tower was rinced with 5 ml aliquot of filtered sample water (from nutrient filtration). Filters were placed into individual 15 ml polypropylene tubes with 2 drops saturated MgCO3 solution, wrapped completely in aluminum foil to block light, and frozen (-20 °C) until analysis within 4 months. Method 6: Silicate Filtration -- Using an all-plastic filtrations set-up and hand pump, approximately 25 ml of water was filtered through 47 mm 0.6µm Poretics fliter. The filtrate was dispensed into acid-washed plastic scintillation vial, and was stored refrigerated upright. Method 7: Total N and Total P Measurement -- This digest is applied to water samples to oxidize the nitrogen from all N compartments into nitrate and the phosphorus from all P compartments into orthophosphate. The resulting digests are analyzed by automated colorimetry (Alpkem or Technicon) for nitrate-N and orthophosphate-P. It is based on the method of Koroleff 1983. as modified by Qualls 1989. Koroleff, F. 1983. Simultaneous oxidation of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds by persulfate. P.168-169. In K. Grasshoff, M. Eberhardt, and K. Kremling, eds., Methods of Seawater Analysis. 2nd ed., Verlag Chemie, Weinheimer, FRG. Qualls, R. G. 1989. Determination of total nitrogen and phosphorus in water using persulfate oxidation: a modification for small sample volumes using the method of Koroleff (1983). Appendix A pp. 131-138. In The biogeochemical properties of dissolved organic matter in a hardwood forest ecosystem: their influence on the retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Georgia Institute of Ecology, Athens, Georgia, USA. University Microfilms, Inc., no. DEX9003448 Method 8: TSS Filtration -- Using three pre-weighed, pre-combusted 25 mm GF/F filters in glass towers in manifold, a know volume of water was filtered through each and water voulume was recorded. Just as filter runs dry, the side of the filter tower was rinced with 5 ml MQ water. Once filter dries again, remove filter tower and rinse the edges of the filter only with 5 ml MQ. Filters were placed back into labeled petri dishes and put into a 60 °C drying oven within 2 hours and left there overnight. Method 9: Sampling -- Surface water is collected by lowering the Niskin bottle 0.5 m below the surface and closing the bottle. When taking Niskin samples, hold the bottle at the sampling depth for at least two minutes before being closing (moving it slightly side-to-side helps equilibrate the sample). Each sample is then transferred to an acid-washed 2-liter HDPE amber bottle, which is rinsed three times with sample (~100 ml each time) before the final fill and the sample is stored on ice until return to the lab for further processing. Non-latex gloves must be worn both when collecting the samples on site and during processing back in the lab. No smoking is permitted on the boat during sampling or by anyone handling the samples at any time (cigarette smoke is rich in ammonia and will contaminate the samples). The end of the Niskin spigot must be cleaned prior to use and should not be touched by a bare hand nor should it touch the bottom of the boat, etc, during sampling. Method 10: Dissolved Nutrient Filtration -- Approximately 200 ml of water was filtered through a pre-combusted 47 mm GF/F filter and filtrate was collected in a clean flask. The filtrate was dispensed into a series of acid-washed plastic scintillation vials (each labeled (color-coded) to show which dissolved nutrient will be measured from that aliquot) and frozen upright. b. Protocols: Method 1: SIEL protocol for colorimetric analysis of Nitrate-Nitrite Nitrogen from EPA Method 353.2 Organization: UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory Description: This method covers the determination of nitrite singly, or nitrite and nitrate combined in drinking, ground, surface, domestic and industrial wastes. The applicable range is 0.05-10.0 mg/L nitrate-nitrite nitrogen. The range may be extended with sample dilution. URL: http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/resource_details.asp?id=839 Method 2: none Method 3: SIEL Protocol for colorimetric analysis of phosphate Organization: UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory Description: SIEL protocol for colorimetric analysis of phosphate from EPA Method 365.1 URL: http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/resource_details.asp?id=837 Method 4: SIEL Protocol for colorimetric analysis of ammonium Organization: UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory Description: SIEL protocol for colorimetric analysis of ammonium from EPA Method 350.1 URL: http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/resource_details.asp?id=836 Method 5: none Method 6: none Method 7: Persulfate Digest for Water Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous Organization: UGA Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory Description: This digest is applied to water samples to oxidize the nitrogen from all N compartments into nitrate and the phosphorus from all P compartments into orthophosphate. The resulting digests are analyzed by automated colorimetry (Alpkem or Technicon) for nitrate-N and orthophosphate-P. It is both safer and more effective than traditional Kjeldahl techniques. It is based on the method of Koroleff 1983 as modified by Qualls 1989. URL: http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/resource_details.asp?id=838 Method 8: none Method 9: GCE Cruise Sampling Protocol Organization: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Description: GCE Research cruise sampling protocol. Sampling from the 10 primary monitoring stations (GCE 1-10) within the GCE domain and AL-02, the Altamaha Sound seawater end-member. URL: https://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/private/app/resource_details.asp?id=488 Author: Caroline M. Reddy (email: cmreddy@uga.edu) Method 10: none c. Instrumentation: Method 1: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II (AAII) Method 2: none Method 3: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II (AAII) Method 4: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II (AAII) Method 5: none Method 6: none Method 7: none Method 8: none Method 9: none Method 10: none d. Taxonomy and Systematics: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable Method 4: not applicable Method 5: not applicable Method 6: not applicable Method 7: not applicable Method 8: not applicable Method 9: not applicable Method 10: not applicable e. Speclies List: f. Permit History: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable Method 4: not applicable Method 5: not applicable Method 6: not applicable Method 7: not applicable Method 8: not applicable Method 9: not applicable Method 10: not applicable 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: Merryl Alber 2: Joan E. Sheldon 3: Adam Sapp b. Affiliations: 1: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 2: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 08-Apr-2024 2. Latest Archive Date: 08-Apr-2024 3. Latest Metadata Update: 08-Apr-2024 4. Data Verification Status: Reviewed by IM B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Adam Sapp Address: Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 Country: USA Email: asapp@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: This information is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. a. Release Date: Affiliates: Sep 01, 2016, Public: Apr 01, 2018 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from NSF OCE 1832178 (data set NUT-GCEM-1609) c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: NUT-GCEM-1609_4_0.CSV 2. Size: 791 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value, E = estimated value 7. Authentication Procedures: 8. Calculations: 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.10 (23-May-2022) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data files processed: GCE_Monitoring query: SELECT vwGCECombinedNuts.SampleDate, vwGCECombinedNuts.SampleTime, vwGCECombinedNuts.CruiseID, vwGCECombinedNuts.SiteID, vwGCECombinedNuts.GCEArea, vwGCECombinedNuts.Latitude, vwGCECombinedNuts.Longitude, vwGCECombinedNuts.SurfaceTemp, vwGCECombinedNuts.SurfaceSalinity, vwGCECombinedNuts.TideCode, vwGCECombinedNuts.CruiseComments, vwGCECombinedNuts.DOC, vwGCECombinedNuts.DON, vwGCECombinedNuts.DOP, vwGCECombinedNuts.NH4, vwGCECombinedNuts.NO2, vwGCECombinedNuts.NO3, vwGCECombinedNuts.PO4, vwGCECombinedNuts.Silicate, vwGCECombinedNuts.Total_N, vwGCECombinedNuts.Total_P, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_C_mgL, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_N_mgL, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_Chla_ugL, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_Phaeoa_ugL, vwGCECombinedNuts.avgTSS_mgL, vwGCECombinedNuts.avgLOI_mgL FROM GCE_Monitoring.dbo.vwGCECombinedNuts ORDER BY SampleDate (659 records) GCE_Monitoring query: SELECT vwGCECombinedNuts.SampleDate, vwGCECombinedNuts.SampleTime, vwGCECombinedNuts.CruiseID, vwGCECombinedNuts.SiteID, vwGCECombinedNuts.GCEArea, vwGCECombinedNuts.Latitude, vwGCECombinedNuts.Longitude, vwGCECombinedNuts.SurfaceTemp, vwGCECombinedNuts.SurfaceSalinity, vwGCECombinedNuts.TideCode, vwGCECombinedNuts.CruiseComments, vwGCECombinedNuts.DOC, vwGCECombinedNuts.DON, vwGCECombinedNuts.DOP, vwGCECombinedNuts.NH4, vwGCECombinedNuts.NO2, vwGCECombinedNuts.NO3, vwGCECombinedNuts.PO4, vwGCECombinedNuts.Silicate, vwGCECombinedNuts.Total_N, vwGCECombinedNuts.Total_P, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_C_mgL, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_N_mgL, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_Chla_ugL, vwGCECombinedNuts.Avg_Phaeoa_ugL, vwGCECombinedNuts.avgTSS_mgL, vwGCECombinedNuts.avgLOI_mgL FROM GCE_Monitoring.dbo.vwGCECombinedNuts ORDER BY SampleDate (827 records) Data processing history: 12-May-2021: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 12-May-2021: imported result set from SQL query on data source 'GCE_Monitoring' ('sql2struct') 12-May-2021: imported all documentation metadata from the template 'GCE_Cruise_Combined', updating descriptors for columns Date, Time, CruiseID, Station, Latitude, Longitude, Surface_Temperature, Surface_Salinity, Tide, Cruise_Notes, Dissolved_Organic_Carbon, Dissolved_Organic_Nitrogen, Dissolved_Organic_Phosphorus, Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Silicate, Total_Nitrogen, Total_Phosphorus, Particulate_Carbon, Particulate_Nitrogen, Chlorophyll_a_Concentration, Phaeopigment_a_Concentration, Total_suspended_solids and Loss_On_Ignition ('meta_template') 12-May-2021: updated 59 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: updated title ('newtitle') 12-May-2021: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 12-May-2021: Name of column SampleDate changed to Date; Name of column SampleTime changed to Time; Name of column SiteID changed to Station; Name of column SurfaceTemp changed to Surface_Temperature; Name of column SurfaceSalinity changed to Surface_Salinity; Name of column TideCode changed to Tide; Name of column CruiseComments changed to Cruise_Notes; Name of column DOC changed to Dissolved_Organic_Carbon; Name of column DON changed to Dissolved_Organic_Nitrogen; Name of column DOP changed to Dissolved_Organic_Phosphorus; Name of column NH4 changed to Ammonium; Name of column NO2 changed to Nitrite; Name of column NO3 changed to Nitrate; Name of column PO4 changed to Phosphate; Name of column Total_N changed to Total_Nitrogen; Name of column Total_P changed to Total_Phosphorus; Name of column Avg_C_mgL changed to Particulate_Carbon; Name of column Avg_N_mgL changed to Particulate_Nitrogen; Name of column Avg_Chla_ugL changed to Chlorophyll_a_Concentration; Name of column Avg_Phaeoa_ugL changed to Phaeopigment_a_Concentration; Name of column avgTSS_mgL changed to Total_suspended_solids; Name of column avgLOI_mgL changed to Loss_On_Ignition; ('apply_template') 12-May-2021: Units of column Date changed from '' to 'M/D/YYYY'; Units of column Time changed from '' to 'HH:MM:SS'; Units of column CruiseID changed from '' to 'none'; Units of column Station changed from '' to 'none'; Units of column Latitude changed from '' to 'Degrees'; Units of column Longitude changed from '' to 'Degrees'; Units of column Surface_Temperature changed from '' to 'C'; Units of column Surface_Salinity changed from '' to 'PSU'; Units of column Tide changed from '' to 'none'; Units of column Cruise_Notes changed from '' to 'none'; Units of column Dissolved_Organic_Carbon changed from '' to 'ppm'; Units of column Dissolved_Organic_Nitrogen changed from '' to 'ppm'; Units of column Dissolved_Organic_Phosphorus changed from '' to 'ppb'; Units of column Ammonium changed from '' to 'ppb'; Units of column Nitrite changed from '' to 'ppb'; Units of column Nitrate changed from '' to 'ppb'; Units of column Phosphate changed from '' to 'ppb'; Units of column Silicate changed from '' to 'uM'; Units of column Total_Nitrogen changed from '' to 'ppm'; Units of column Total_Phosphorus changed from '' to 'ppb'; Units of column Particulate_Carbon changed from '' to 'mg/L'; Units of column Particulate_Nitrogen changed from '' to 'mg/L'; Units of column Chlorophyll_a_Concentration changed from '' to 'µg/L'; Units of column Phaeopigment_a_Concentration changed from '' to 'µg/L'; Units of column Total_suspended_solids changed from '' to 'mg/L'; Units of column Loss_On_Ignition changed from '' to 'mg/L'; ('apply_template') 12-May-2021: Variable Type of column Latitude changed from 'data' to 'coord'; Variable Type of column Longitude changed from 'data' to 'coord'; Variable Type of column Tide changed from 'nominal' to 'code'; Variable Type of column Cruise_Notes changed from 'nominal' to 'text'; ('apply_template') 12-May-2021: Q/C Criteria of column Latitude changed from '' to 'x<31='Q';x>32='Q''; Q/C Criteria of column Longitude changed from '' to 'x<-82='Q';x>-81='Q''; ('apply_template') 12-May-2021: Precision of column Latitude changed from 0 to 5; Precision of column Longitude changed from 0 to 5; Precision of column Surface_Temperature changed from 3 to 1; Precision of column Surface_Salinity changed from 3 to 1; Precision of column Dissolved_Organic_Carbon changed from 3 to 2; Precision of column Dissolved_Organic_Nitrogen changed from 3 to 2; Precision of column Dissolved_Organic_Phosphorus changed from 1 to 2; Precision of column Nitrite changed from 3 to 2; Precision of column Total_Nitrogen changed from 4 to 3; Precision of column Total_Phosphorus changed from 1 to 2; Precision of column Particulate_Carbon changed from 3 to 2; Precision of column Particulate_Nitrogen changed from 4 to 2; Precision of column Total_suspended_solids changed from 2 to 5; Precision of column Loss_On_Ignition changed from 3 to 5; ('apply_template') 12-May-2021: Descriptions of columns Date, Time, CruiseID, Station, Surface_Temperature, Surface_Salinity, Tide, Cruise_Notes, Dissolved_Organic_Carbon, Dissolved_Organic_Nitrogen, Dissolved_Organic_Phosphorus, Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Silicate, Total_Nitrogen, Total_Phosphorus, Particulate_Carbon, Particulate_Nitrogen, Chlorophyll_a_Concentration, Phaeopigment_a_Concentration, Total_suspended_solids and Loss_On_Ignition edited; ('apply_template') 12-May-2021: updated title ('newtitle') 12-May-2021: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 12-May-2021: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 12-May-2021: Year, Month and Day datetime columns added after column Time ('add_datepartcols') 12-May-2021: query 'Year<2019' run, returned 483 of 659 data rows ('querydata') 12-May-2021: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 12-May-2021: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 12-May-2021: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 12-May-2021: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): changed 'Latitude' row 471 from 3139343.00000 to 31.39343, changed 'Longitude' row 424 from -8130492.00000 to -81.30492 12-May-2021: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 12-May-2021: deleted columns Year, Month and Day from data structure ('ui_editor') 12-May-2021: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 12-May-2021: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 12-May-2021: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 13-May-2021: converted dates in column(s) Date to format yyyy-mm-dd 16-May-2021: Units of column GCEArea changed from '' to 'none ('ui_editor') 16-May-2021: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 16-May-2021: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 16-May-2021: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 06-Mar-2024: converted dates in column(s) Date to format MATLAB serial date 06-Mar-2024: 343 rows added at the bottom of the data set from ' Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from November 2013 to December 2018' ('datamerge') 06-Mar-2024: updated 18 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Project, Status, Study section(s) ('addmeta') 06-Mar-2024: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 06-Mar-2024: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 06-Mar-2024: query 'Date<=738886' run, returned 791 of 826 data rows ('querydata') 06-Mar-2024: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 06-Mar-2024: converted dates in column(s) Date to format yyyy-mm-dd 06-Mar-2024: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset section(s) ('addmeta') 06-Mar-2024: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 06-Mar-2024: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement section(s) ('addmeta') 08-Apr-2024: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): changed 'Latitude' row 543 from 31.93935 to 31.39935 08-Apr-2024: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 08-Apr-2024: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 08-Apr-2024: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset section(s) ('addmeta') 08-Apr-2024: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 08-Apr-2024: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement section(s) ('addmeta') 08-Apr-2024: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset section(s) ('addmeta') 08-Apr-2024: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 08-Apr-2024: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement section(s) ('addmeta') 08-Apr-2024: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 08-Apr-2024: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data section(s) ('addmeta') 08-Apr-2024: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 08-Apr-2024: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Date column 2. Time column 3. CruiseID column 4. Station column 5. GCEArea column 6. Latitude column 7. Longitude column 8. Surface_Temperature column 9. Surface_Salinity column 10. Tide column 11. Cruise_Notes column 12. Dissolved_Organic_Carbon column 13. Dissolved_Organic_Nitrogen column 14. Dissolved_Organic_Phosphorus column 15. Ammonium column 16. Nitrite column 17. Nitrate column 18. Phosphate column 19. Silicate column 20. Total_Nitrogen column 21. Total_Phosphorus column 22. Particulate_Carbon column 23. Particulate_Nitrogen column 24. Chlorophyll_a_Concentration column 25. Phaeopigment_a_Concentration column 26. Total_suspended_solids column 27. Loss_On_Ignition 2. Variable Definition: column 1. Date of Sample Collection column 2. Time of sample collection column 3. GCE Cruise ID column 4. GCE Sampling Location column 5. GCEArea column 6. Latitude column 7. Longitude column 8. Temperature of surface water taken from boat column 9. Salinity of surface water taken from boat column 10. Tide stage at time of sample collection column 11. Notes from cruise log column 12. Dissolved Organic Carbon as C column 13. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen as N column 14. Dissolved Organic Phosphate as P column 15. Ammonium as N column 16. Nitrite as N column 17. Nitrate as N column 18. Phosphate as P column 19. Silicate concentration column 20. Total Nitrogen as NO3-N column 21. Total Phosphurus as PO4-P column 22. Particulate Carbon concentation (average of replicates) column 23. Particulate Nitrogen concentration (average of replicates) column 24. Chlorophyll-a concentration (average of replicates) column 25. Phaeopigment-a concentration (average of replicates) column 26. Total suspended solids concentration (average of replicates) column 27. Loss on ignition (average of replicates) 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. yyyy-mm-dd column 2. HH:MM:SS column 3. none column 4. none column 5. none column 6. Degrees column 7. Degrees column 8. C column 9. PSU column 10. none column 11. none column 12. ppm column 13. ppm column 14. ppb column 15. ppb column 16. ppb column 17. ppb column 18. ppb column 19. uM column 20. ppm column 21. ppb column 22. mg/L column 23. mg/L column 24. µg/L column 25. µg/L column 26. mg/L column 27. mg/L 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. string column 2. string column 3. string column 4. string column 5. string column 6. floating-point column 7. floating-point column 8. floating-point column 9. floating-point column 10. string column 11. string column 12. floating-point column 13. floating-point column 14. floating-point column 15. floating-point column 16. floating-point column 17. floating-point column 18. floating-point column 19. floating-point column 20. floating-point column 21. floating-point column 22. floating-point column 23. floating-point column 24. floating-point column 25. floating-point column 26. floating-point column 27. floating-point b. Variable Codes: Tide: LW = Low Water, HW = High Water c. Numeric Range: column 1. (none) column 2. (none) column 3. (none) column 4. (none) column 5. (none) column 6. 31.3049 to 31.5684 column 7. -81.5481 to -81.0493 column 8. 4.7 to 33 column 9. 0 to 35.7 column 10. (none) column 11. (none) column 12. 0 to 95.1371 column 13. 0 to 49.704 column 14. 0 to 1130.6895 column 15. 0 to 416.042 column 16. 0 to 41.352 column 17. 0 to 665.789 column 18. 0 to 103.4101 column 19. 5.2908 to 434.11 column 20. 0.038 to 1.668 column 21. 0 to 1195.6816 column 22. 0.27023 to 14.6593 column 23. 0.057138 to 1.2089 column 24. 0.38976 to 55.9807 column 25. 0.17566 to 24.6715 column 26. 7.4178 to 314.3537 column 27. 0.37658 to 54.256 d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. text column 2. text column 3. text column 4. text column 5. text column 6. numerical column 7. numerical column 8. numerical column 9. numerical column 10. text column 11. text column 12. numerical column 13. numerical column 14. numerical column 15. numerical column 16. numerical column 17. numerical column 18. numerical column 19. numerical column 20. numerical column 21. numerical column 22. numerical column 23. numerical column 24. numerical column 25. numerical column 26. numerical column 27. numerical b. Number of Columns: 27 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 0 column 3. 0 column 4. 0 column 5. 0 column 6. 5 column 7. 5 column 8. 1 column 9. 1 column 10. 0 column 11. 0 column 12. 2 column 13. 2 column 14. 2 column 15. 2 column 16. 2 column 17. 2 column 18. 2 column 19. 2 column 20. 3 column 21. 2 column 22. 2 column 23. 2 column 24. 3 column 25. 3 column 26. 5 column 27. 5 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. datetime (none) column 2. datetime (none) column 3. nominal (none) column 4. nominal (none) column 5. nominal (none) column 6. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 7. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 8. data (continuous) column 9. data (continuous) column 10. coded value (none) column 11. free text (none) column 12. data (continuous) column 13. data (continuous) column 14. data (continuous) column 15. data (continuous) column 16. data (continuous) column 17. data (continuous) column 18. data (continuous) column 19. data (continuous) column 20. data (continuous) column 21. data (continuous) column 22. data (continuous) column 23. data (continuous) column 24. data (continuous) column 25. data (continuous) column 26. data (continuous) column 27. data (continuous) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. none column 4. none column 5. none column 6. x<31="Q";x>32="Q" column 7. x<-82="Q";x>-81="Q" column 8. none column 9. none column 10. none column 11. none column 12. none column 13. none column 14. none column 15. none column 16. none column 17. none column 18. none column 19. none column 20. none column 21. none column 22. none column 23. none column 24. none column 25. none column 26. none column 27. none C. Data Anomalies: V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: 2. Form Location: 3. Data Entry Validation: B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: C. Supplemental Materials: D. Computer Programs: E. Archival Practices: F. Publications: not specified G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: not specified 2. Data Set Update History: Apr 08, 2024: Corrected typo in Latitude for record: 17-Sept-2019 GCE6 DB+03 HW 3. Review History: none 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none