I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: Wei-Jun Cai. 2016. Dissolved Inorgainic Carbon concentration and Total Alkalinity from surface water samples collected in the GCE LTER domain near Sapelo Island, Georgia between May 2014 and December 2022.. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set NUT-GCEM-2105; /data/NUT-GCEM-2105) B. Accession Number: NUT-GCEM-2105 C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: Wei-Jun Cai Address: 014 Lammot DuPont College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment Newark, Delaware 19716 Country: USA Email: wcai@udel.edu 2. Abstract: Surface water samples were collected from GCE LTER sampling stations between May 2014 and December 2022. Monthly samples were collected from GCE 6 (high and low tide) and GCE 7 (high tide). Quarterly samples were collected from the remaining GCE sites, 4 sites along the Duplin River, and AL-02 ( the Altamaha River oceanic end-member station). These samples were analyzed for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA). 3. Study Type: Monitoring 4. Study Themes: General Nutrient Chemistry 5. LTER Core Areas: Inorganic Matter 6. Georeferences: none 7. Submission Date: Sep 30, 2016 D. Keywords: alkalinity, carbonate chemistry, Cruise Nutrient Sampling, dissolved inorganic carbon, Duplin River, GCE, GCE1, GCE10, GCE2, GCE3, GCE4, GCE5, GCE6, GCE7, GCE8, GCE9, Georgia, Georgia Coastal Ecosystems, Inorganic Matter, LTER, nutrients, Sapelo Island, USA II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER - IV 2. Principal Investigators: Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu 3. Funding Period: Feb 01, 2019 to Jan 31, 2025 4. Objectives: The GCE-LTER project has four goals. 1) Track environmental and human drivers that can cause perturbations in our focal ecosystems. This will be accomplished this through continuing long-term measurements of climate, water chemistry, oceanic exchange, and human activities on the landscape. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological characteristics of the study system (coastal wetland complexes) and how they respond to external drivers. This will be accomplished through field monitoring in combination with remote sensing and modeling. 3) Characterize the ecological responses of intertidal marshes to disturbance. This will be accomplished by ongoing monitoring and experimental work to evaluate system responses to major perturbations in three key marsh habitats (changes in inundation and predator exclusion in Spartina-dominated salt marshes; increases in salinity in fresh marshes; changes in runoff in high marshes), by implementing standardized experimental disturbances along salinity and elevation gradients, and by tracking responses to natural disturbances. 4) Evaluate ecosystem properties at the landscape level (habitat distribution, net and gross primary production, C budgets) and assess the cumulative effects of disturbance on these properties. The project will also develop relationships between drivers and response variables, which can be used to predict the effects of future changes. This will be accomplished through a combination of data synthesis, remote sensing and modeling. 5. Abstract: The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, based at the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island, Georgia, was established in 2000 to study long-term change in coastal ecosystems. Estuaries (places where salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water from the land) and their adjacent marshes provide food and refuge for fish, shellfish and birds; protect the shoreline from storms; help to keep the water clean; and store carbon. The GCE LTER researchers study marshes and estuaries to understand how these ecosystems function, to track how they change over time, and to predict how they might be affected by future changes in climate and human activities. They accomplish this by tracking the major factors that can cause long-term change in coastal areas (e.g. sea level, rainfall, upstream development), and measuring the effects of these factors on the study site. They also conduct focused studies to assess how key marsh habitats will respond to major changes expected in the future, including large-scale experiments to evaluate the effects of a) increases in the salinity of the water that floods freshwater marshes (mimicking drought and/or sea level rise), b) changes in water runoff from land into the upland marsh border (mimicking drought or upland development), and c) exclusion of larger organisms in the salt marsh (mimicking long-term declines in predators). During this award they will initiate additional studies to systematically evaluate how coastal wetlands respond to disturbances. Disturbances, or disruptions in the environment, are particularly important to understand in the context of long-term background changes such as increasing sea level, and GCE researchers are working to assess the cumulative effects of multiple disturbances on the landscape. The GCE education and outreach program works to share an understanding of coastal ecosystems with teachers and students, coastal managers, citizen scientist and the general public. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE 1832178 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: GCE1 -- Eulonia, Georgia, USA GCE2 -- Four Mile Island, Georgia, USA GCE3 -- North Sapelo, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA GCE4 -- Meridian, Georgia, USA GCE5 -- Folly River, Georgia, USA GCE6 -- Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA GCE7 -- Carrs Island, Georgia, USA GCE8 -- Alligator Creek, Georgia, USA GCE9 -- Rockdedundy Island, Georgia, USA GCE10 -- Hunt Camp, Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA GCE11 -- Tidal Forest, Georgia, USA AL+04 -- AL+04 AL+13 -- AL+13 AL+24 -- AL+24 AL+30 -- AL+30 AL-02 -- AL-02 DB+03 -- DB+03 DB+09 -- DB+09 DB+12.6 -- DB+12.6 DP+03 -- Duplin River CTD station DP+03 DP+06 -- Duplin River CTD station DP+06 FD_Hydro -- SINERR Flume Dock hydrographic datalogger deployment LumberLanding -- Lumber Landing Marsh_Landing_ML -- Marsh_Landing_ML SP+03 -- SP+03 SP+14 -- SP+14 SP+36 -- SP+36 Coordinates: GCE1 -- NW: 081 25 42.53 W, 31 32 48.30 N NE: 081 24 38.64 W, 31 32 48.30 N SE: 081 24 38.64 W, 31 32 02.27 N SW: 081 25 42.53 W, 31 32 02.27 N GCE2 -- NW: 081 19 08.26 W, 31 33 09.19 N NE: 081 17 34.24 W, 31 33 09.19 N SE: 081 17 34.24 W, 31 32 00.97 N SW: 081 19 08.26 W, 31 32 00.97 N GCE3 -- NW: 081 13 59.70 W, 31 32 48.72 N NE: 081 11 44.38 W, 31 32 48.72 N SE: 081 11 44.38 W, 31 30 54.68 N SW: 081 13 59.70 W, 31 30 54.68 N GCE4 -- NW: 081 22 14.71 W, 31 27 48.72 N NE: 081 21 26.12 W, 31 27 48.72 N SE: 081 21 26.12 W, 31 26 54.31 N SW: 081 22 14.71 W, 31 26 54.31 N GCE5 -- NW: 081 21 15.89 W, 31 26 33.14 N NE: 081 19 37.92 W, 31 26 33.14 N SE: 081 19 37.92 W, 31 25 03.50 N SW: 081 21 15.89 W, 31 25 03.50 N GCE6 -- NW: 081 17 58.28 W, 31 23 38.66 N NE: 081 15 51.76 W, 31 23 38.66 N SE: 081 15 51.76 W, 31 22 15.61 N SW: 081 17 58.28 W, 31 22 15.61 N GCE7 -- NW: 081 29 36.59 W, 31 20 55.59 N NE: 081 28 33.24 W, 31 20 55.59 N SE: 081 28 33.24 W, 31 20 03.71 N SW: 081 29 36.59 W, 31 20 03.71 N GCE8 -- NW: 081 25 34.58 W, 31 19 04.11 N NE: 081 24 38.28 W, 31 19 04.11 N SE: 081 24 38.28 W, 31 18 14.63 N SW: 081 25 34.58 W, 31 18 14.63 N GCE9 -- NW: 081 20 48.23 W, 31 21 29.31 N NE: 081 19 35.38 W, 31 21 29.31 N SE: 081 19 35.38 W, 31 20 21.02 N SW: 081 20 48.23 W, 31 20 21.02 N GCE10 -- NW: 081 17 43.82 W, 31 29 49.29 N NE: 081 15 32.07 W, 31 29 49.29 N SE: 081 15 32.07 W, 31 27 44.35 N SW: 081 17 43.82 W, 31 27 44.35 N GCE11 -- NW: 081 29 31.88 W, 31 22 44.54 N NE: 081 29 26.62 W, 31 22 44.54 N SE: 081 29 26.62 W, 31 22 37.62 N SW: 081 29 31.88 W, 31 22 37.62 N AL+04 -- 81 19 39.0 W, 31 19 12.0 N AL+13 -- 81 24 26.4 W, 31 18 40.2 N AL+24 -- 81 28 30.0 W, 31 20 12.0 N AL+30 -- 81 29 36.0 W, 31 22 36.0 N AL-02 -- 81 15 55.2 W, 31 18 50.4 N DB+03 -- 81 18 07.8 W, 31 23 42.6 N DB+09 -- 81 20 11.0 W, 31 26 20.0 N DB+12.6 -- 81 21 42.5 W, 31 27 12.4 N DP+03 -- 81 17 30.6 W, 31 26 23.7 N DP+06 -- 81 16 34.2 W, 31 27 38.4 N FD_Hydro -- 81 16 03.0 W, 31 28 58.0 N LumberLanding -- 81 16 38.8 W, 31 27 35.2 N Marsh_Landing_ML -- 81 17 43.8 W, 31 24 58.2 N SP+03 -- 81 12 28.3 W, 31 32 33.5 N SP+14 -- 81 19 01.7 W, 31 32 30.7 N SP+36 -- 81 25 24.6 W, 31 32 12.9 N b. Physiographic Region: GCE1 -- Lower coastal plain GCE2 -- Barrier island GCE3 -- Barrier island GCE4 -- Lower coastal plain GCE5 -- Barrier island GCE6 -- Barrier island GCE7 -- Lower coastal plain GCE8 -- Lower coastal plain GCE9 -- Barrier island GCE10 -- Barrier island GCE11 -- unspecified AL+04 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL+13 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL+24 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL+30 -- Estuary and tidal marsh AL-02 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DB+03 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DB+09 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DB+12.6 -- Estuary and tidal marsh DP+03 -- Myxohaline tidal creek and marsh DP+06 -- Myxohaline tidal creek and marsh FD_Hydro -- Myxohaline tidal creek and marsh LumberLanding -- Myxohaline tidal creek and marsh Marsh_Landing_ML -- unspecified SP+03 -- Estuary and tidal marsh SP+14 -- Estuary and tidal marsh SP+36 -- Estuary and tidal marsh c. Landform Components: GCE1 -- Intertidal salt marsh bordering maritime forest GCE2 -- Intertidal salt marsh GCE3 -- Intertidal salt marsh, mud flat, and maritime forest GCE4 -- Intertidal salt marsh bordering maritime forest GCE5 -- Intertidal salt marsh GCE6 -- Intertidal salt marsh, sand beach, maritime forest GCE7 -- Freshwater tidal marsh, devegetated fields GCE8 -- Brackish tidal marsh GCE9 -- Intertidal salt marsh GCE10 -- Intertidal salt marsh bordering maritime forest GCE11 -- unspecified AL+04 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL+13 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL+24 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL+30 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks AL-02 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DB+03 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DB+09 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DB+12.6 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks DP+03 -- Intertidal marsh bordering tidal channels and creeks DP+06 -- Intertidal marsh bordering tidal channels and creeks FD_Hydro -- Intertidal marsh bordering tidal channels and creeks LumberLanding -- Intertidal marsh bordering tidal channels and creeks Marsh_Landing_ML -- unspecified SP+03 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks SP+14 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks SP+36 -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks d. Hydrographic Characteristics: GCE1 -- Site contains the upper reaches of the Sapelo River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE2 -- Site contains the Sapelo River and associated tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE3 -- Site includes Sapelo Sound and portions of Blackbeard Creek, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE4 -- Site includes Hudson Creek and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE5 -- Site contains the Folly River and borders Doboy Sound, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE6 -- Site contains Dean Creek and borders Doboy Sound, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE7 -- Site contains Hammersmith Creek and borders the South Champney River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE8 -- Site contains the Altamaha River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE9 -- Site contains Crooked Creek and borders the Little Mud River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE10 -- Site borders the Mud River and contains tidal creeks and the upper reach of the Duplin River, and is subject to 2-3m semi-diurnal tides GCE11 -- unspecified AL+04 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL+13 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL+24 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL+30 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. AL-02 -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. DB+03 -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. DB+09 -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. DB+12.6 -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. DP+03 -- Site includes the Duplin River and various smaller tidal creeks and channels DP+06 -- Site includes the Duplin River and various smaller tidal creeks and channels FD_Hydro -- Site includes the Duplin River and various smaller tidal creeks and channels LumberLanding -- Site includes the Duplin River and various smaller tidal creeks and channels Marsh_Landing_ML -- unspecified SP+03 -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. SP+14 -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. SP+36 -- Site includes the Sapelo River and Sapelo Sound, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. Sapelo Sound is a lagunal estuary system, with minimal freshwater stream or river input. e. Topographic Attributes: GCE1 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE2 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE3 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE4 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE5 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE6 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE7 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE8 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE9 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE10 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3m above mean low tide GCE11 -- unspecified AL+04 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+13 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+24 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL+30 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide AL-02 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DB+03 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DB+09 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DB+12.6 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DP+03 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide DP+06 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide FD_Hydro -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide LumberLanding -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide Marsh_Landing_ML -- unspecified SP+03 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide SP+14 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide SP+36 -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: GCE1 -- unspecified GCE2 -- unspecified GCE3 -- unspecified GCE4 -- unspecified GCE5 -- unspecified GCE6 -- unspecified GCE7 -- unspecified GCE8 -- unspecified GCE9 -- unspecified GCE10 -- unspecified GCE11 -- unspecified AL+04 -- unspecified AL+13 -- unspecified AL+24 -- unspecified AL+30 -- unspecified AL-02 -- unspecified DB+03 -- unspecified DB+09 -- unspecified DB+12.6 -- unspecified DP+03 -- unspecified DP+06 -- unspecified FD_Hydro -- unspecified LumberLanding -- unspecified Marsh_Landing_ML -- unspecified SP+03 -- unspecified SP+14 -- unspecified SP+36 -- unspecified g. Vegetation Communities: GCE1 -- Vegetation is 3/4 Juncus and 1/4 Spartina alterniflora, and upland area is heavily forested. GCE2 -- Spartina alterniflora all tall or medium. GCE3 -- Short and tall Spartina alterniflora, very small amounts of Juncus. GCE4 -- Vegetation is 1/4 Juncus, 3/4 medium and tall Spartina alterniflora. GCE5 -- Dominated by short and medium Spartina alterniflora, with areas of taller S. alterniflora near several small creeks. GCE6 -- Vegetation is mostly short and tall Spartina alterniflora, with small amounts of Juncus and Borrichia. GCE7 -- dominated by Zizaniopsis GCE8 -- Fringe of tall Spartina alterniflora and S. cynosuroides at creek banks. High marsh has narrow band of medium height S. alterniflora backed by vast expanses of Juncus. GCE9 -- Low marsh is tall Spartina alterniflora, high marsh has a small amount of medium Spartina alterniflora and lots of Juncus. Some hammocks with upland vegetation. GCE10 -- Vegetation mostly tall and medium Spartina alterniflora, with some Juncus present. Upland heavily forested. GCE11 -- unspecified AL+04 -- unspecified AL+13 -- unspecified AL+24 -- unspecified AL+30 -- unspecified AL-02 -- unspecified DB+03 -- unspecified DB+09 -- unspecified DB+12.6 -- unspecified DP+03 -- unspecified DP+06 -- unspecified FD_Hydro -- unspecified LumberLanding -- unspecified Marsh_Landing_ML -- unspecified SP+03 -- unspecified SP+14 -- unspecified SP+36 -- unspecified h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: none recorded i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2010: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 20.09°C (7.28°C) minimum air temperature: 15.02°C (7.96°C) maximum air temperature: 24.82°C (6.98°C) total precipitation: 3.26mm (10.3mm) Yearly-aggregated Daily Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1980-2010): 1124mm (266mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: Water samples were collected throughout the GCE-LTER domain for dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity. b. Permanent Plots: none c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: One water sample was collected at each stations (ranging from 2 to 11 stations; the number varies depending on month sampled) Beginning of Observations: May 01, 2014 End of Observations: Dec 31, 2022 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Method 1: Water Sampling -- Water samples were collected during cruises via Niskin bottles. Water was filtered with Waltman 0.45 µm filters and preserved with 0.1 µL saturaged HgCl. Samples were refriderated until analyzed. Method 2: DIC analysis -- Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was measured using a DIC analyzer (AS-C2, Apollo Scitech), consisting of a Kloehn™ syringe pump (module #50300) with a 2.5 mL syringe. Samples are acidified by adding 0.5 mL 10% H3PO4, and the released CO2 is then quantified by a nondispersive infrared CO2 detector (LI-COR®, LI-6262). The method has a precision of 0.1%. All DIC values were directly measured with reference to CRMs. Methods adapted from: Huang, W.-J., Wang, Y., Cai, W.-J., 2012. Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 10, 711–717. doi:10.4319/lom.2012.10.711 Method 3: TA analysis -- TA was measured by the Gran titration (Gran 1952) using the open cell method with a semi-automatic titration system (AS-ALK2, Apollo Scitech), consisting of two Kloehn™ syringe pumps (module #50300) of 1 mL and 25 mL respectively, a high precision pH meter, and a combination pH glass electrode. Methods adapted from: Huang, W.-J., Wang, Y., Cai, W.-J., 2012. Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 10, 711–717. doi:10.4319/lom.2012.10.711 b. Protocols: Method 1: none Method 2: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Total Alkalinity Processing Protocols Organization: GCE LTER Description: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Total Alkalinity Processing Protocols - Cai Lab URL: https://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/private/app/resource_details.asp?id=975 Author: Janet J. Reimer (email: janetr@udel.edu) Method 3: none c. Instrumentation: Method 1: Niskin bottle Method 2: none Method 3: none d. Taxonomy and Systematics: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable e. Speclies List: f. Permit History: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: Wei-Jun Cai 2: Merryl Alber 3: Janet J. Reimer b. Affiliations: 1: University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 2: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3: University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 01-Mar-2024 2. Latest Archive Date: 01-Mar-2024 3. Latest Metadata Update: 01-Mar-2024 4. Data Verification Status: Reviewed by IM B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Adam Sapp Address: Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 Country: USA Email: asapp@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: This information is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The consumer of these data ("Data User" herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. a. Release Date: Affiliates: Sep 30, 2016, Public: Sep 30, 2018 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from NSF OCE 1832178 (data set NUT-GCEM-2105) c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: NUT-GCEM-2105_2_0.CSV 2. Size: 717 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value, E = estimated value 7. Authentication Procedures: 8. Calculations: 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.10 (23-May-2022) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data file processed: DIC_update_2023.txt (845 records) Data processing history: 01-Mar-2024: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 01-Mar-2024: 845 rows imported from ASCII data file 'DIC_update_2023.txt' ('imp_ascii') 01-Mar-2024: 13 metadata fields in file header parsed ('parse_header') 01-Mar-2024: data structure validated ('gce_valid') 01-Mar-2024: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): deleted record(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, deleted record(s) 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, deleted record(s) 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44, deleted record(s) 103, 119, 120 and 121, deleted record(s) 336, changed 'Notes' row 68 from 'not taken due to adverse weather conditions' to 'not taken', deleted record(s) 254, 255 and 256, deleted record(s) 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718 and 719 01-Mar-2024: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Mar-2024: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): changed 'Date' row 583 from '5/12/2021' to '2021-05-12', changed 'Date' row 584 from '5/12/2021' to '2021-05-12', changed 'Date' row 585 from '5/12/2021' to '2021-05-12', changed 'Date' row 586 from '5/12/2021' to '2021-05-12', changed 'Date' row 587 from '5/12/2021' to '2021-05-12', changed 'Date' row 588 from '5/13/2021' to '2021-05-13', changed 'Date' row 589 from '5/13/2021' to '2021-05-13', changed 'Date' row 590 from '5/13/2021' to '2021-05-13', changed 'Date' row 591 from '5/11/2021' to '5/11/2021', changed 'Date' row 591 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 592 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 593 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 594 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 595 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 596 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 597 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 598 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 599 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 600 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 601 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11', changed 'Date' row 602 from '5/11/2021' to '2021-05-11' 01-Mar-2024: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Mar-2024: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): deleted record(s) 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776 and 777 01-Mar-2024: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Mar-2024: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset section(s) ('addmeta') 01-Mar-2024: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 01-Mar-2024: updated 57 metadata fields in the Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement section(s) ('addmeta') 01-Mar-2024: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): changed 'Time' row 125 from '0:23' to '00:23', changed 'Time' row 205 from '6:25' to '06:25', changed 'Time' row 244 from '9:20' to '09:20', changed 'Time' row 241 from '9:47' to '09:47', changed 'Time' row 240 from '9:16' to '09:16', changed 'Time' row 239 from '8:55' to '08:55', changed 'Time' row 248 from '9:41' to '09:41', changed 'Time' row 256 from '8:46' to '08:46', changed 'Time' row 257 from '9:15' to '09:15', changed 'Time' row 259 from '8:20' to '08:20', changed 'Time' row 262 from '6:54' to '06:54', changed 'Time' row 437 from '9:57' to '09:57', changed 'Time' row 603 from '7:33' to '07:33', changed 'Time' row 604 from '8:58' to '08:58' 01-Mar-2024: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Mar-2024: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data section(s) ('addmeta') 01-Mar-2024: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 01-Mar-2024: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Date column 2. Time column 3. Station column 4. Latitude column 5. Longitude column 6. Tide column 7. Surface_Salinity column 8. Surface_Temperature column 9. Water_Depth column 10. Sea_State column 11. Notes column 12. Bottle_Number column 13. Total_Alkalinity column 14. Dissolved_Inorganic_Carbon 2. Variable Definition: column 1. Calendar date of sample collection column 2. Time of sample collection GMT column 3. GCE station name column 4. Latitude of sample collection column 5. Longitude of sample collection column 6. Tide stage at time of sample collection column 7. Salinity of surface water taken from boat column 8. Temperature of surface water taken from boat column 9. Water column depth at location of sample collection column 10. Notes on sea state and weather from cruise log column 11. Notes from the cruise log column 12. DIC sample bottle number column 13. Total alkalinity concentration column 14. Dissolved inorganic carbon concentration 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. YYYY-MM-DD column 2. hh:mm column 3. none column 4. degrees column 5. degrees column 6. none column 7. PSU column 8. C column 9. m column 10. none column 11. none column 12. none column 13. µmol/kg column 14. µmol/kg 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. string column 2. string column 3. string column 4. floating-point column 5. floating-point column 6. string column 7. floating-point column 8. floating-point column 9. floating-point column 10. string column 11. string column 12. integer column 13. floating-point column 14. floating-point b. Variable Codes: Tide: H = High Tide, L = Low Tide c. Numeric Range: column 1. (none) column 2. (none) column 3. (none) column 4. 31.2103 to 31.9394 column 5. -81.5049 to -81.0493 column 6. (none) column 7. 0 to 35.7 column 8. 4.7 to 104 column 9. 0.5 to 22.1 column 10. (none) column 11. (none) column 12. 17 to 785 column 13. 185.2328 to 2901.5323 column 14. 257.1594 to 2827.6412 d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. text column 2. text column 3. text column 4. numerical column 5. numerical column 6. text column 7. numerical column 8. numerical column 9. numerical column 10. text column 11. text column 12. numerical column 13. numerical column 14. numerical b. Number of Columns: 14 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 0 column 3. 0 column 4. 5 column 5. 5 column 6. 0 column 7. 1 column 8. 1 column 9. 1 column 10. 0 column 11. 0 column 12. 0 column 13. 2 column 14. 2 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. datetime (none) column 2. datetime (none) column 3. nominal (none) column 4. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 5. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 6. coded value (none) column 7. data (continuous) column 8. data (continuous) column 9. data (continuous) column 10. free text (none) column 11. free text (none) column 12. ordinal (discrete) column 13. data (continuous) column 14. data (continuous) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. none column 4. none column 5. none column 6. none column 7. none column 8. none column 9. none column 10. none column 11. none column 12. none column 13. none column 14. none C. Data Anomalies: V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: 2. Form Location: 3. Data Entry Validation: B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: C. Supplemental Materials: D. Computer Programs: E. Archival Practices: F. Publications: not specified G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: not specified 2. Data Set Update History: Mar 01, 2024: Updated data set with data through Dec. 2022 3. Review History: none 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none