I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: Jackson O. Blanton. 2006. Daily Summary of Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE7_Hydro (Altamaha River near Carrs Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2005 through 31-Dec-2005. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set PHY-GCEM-0612e; http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/dataset_details.asp?accession=PHY-GCEM-0612e) B. Accession Number: PHY-GCEM-0612e C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: Jackson O. Blanton Address: 10 Ocean Science Circle, Savannah, Georgia Postal Code: 31411 Country: USA Email: jack.blanton@skio.usg.edu 2. Abstract: Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE7_Hydro (Altamaha River near Carrs Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2005 through 31-Dec-2005. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program. 3. Study Type: Monitoring 4. Study Themes: Physical Oceanography 5. LTER Core Areas: Inorganic Fluxes 6. Georeferences: geographic coordinates as data set columns 7. Submission Date: Dec 21, 2006 D. Keywords: conductivity, density, depth, Hydrographic Moorings, hydrography, monitoring, mooring, pressure, salinity, sonde, temperature, water column, water quality II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project 2. Principal Investigators: Name: James T. Hollibaugh Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Postal Code: 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: aquadoc@uga.edu 3. Funding Period: May 01, 2000 to May 01, 2006 4. Objectives: To investigate the linkages between coastal and distant upland areas in central Georgia mediated by surface and ground water delivery to the coastal zone. This will be addressed by examining the relationship between variability in environmental factors driven by river flow, primarily salinity, and ecosystem processes and structure. 5. Abstract: We propose to establish a Long Term Ecological Research site on the central Georgia coast in the vicinity of Sapelo Island. This is a barrier island and marsh complex with the Altamaha River, one of the largest and least developed rivers on the east coast of the US, as the primary source of fresh water. The proposed study would investigate the linkages between local and distant upland areas mediated by water - surface water and ground water - delivery to the coastal zone. We would explicitly examine the relationship between variability in environmental factors driven by river flow, primarily salinity because we can measure it at high frequency, and ecosystem processes and structure. We will accomplish this by comparing estuary/marsh complexes separated from the Altamaha River by one or two lagoonal estuary/marsh complexes that damp and attenuate the river signal. This spatial gradient is analogous to the temporal trend in riverine influence expected as a result of development in the watershed. We will implement a monitoring system that documents physical and biological variables and use the time trends and spatial distributions of these variables and of their variance structure to address questions about the factors controlling distributions, trophic structure, diversity, and biogeochemistry. An existing GIS-based hydrologic model will be modified to incorporate changes in river water resulting from changes in land use patterns that can be expected as the watershed develops. This model will be linked to ecosystem models and will serve as an heuristic and management tool. Another consequence of coastal development is that as river flow decreases, groundwater flow increases and becomes nutrified. We will compare the effects of ground water discharge from the surficial aquifer in relatively pristine (Sapelo Island) versus more urbanized (mainland) sites to assess the relative importance of fresh water versus nutrients to productivity, structure and biomass turnover rate in marshes influenced by groundwater. We will also investigate the effect of marine processes (tides, storm surge) on mixing across the fresh/salt interface in the surficial aquifer. Additional physical studies will relate the morphology of salt marsh - tidal creek channel complexes to tidal current distributions and exchange. These findings will be incorporated into a physical model that will be coupled to an existing ecosystem model. The land/ocean margin ecosystem lies at the interface between two ecosystems in which distinctly different groups of decomposers control organic matter degradation. The terrestrial ecosystem is largely dominated by fungal decomposers, while bacterial decomposers dominate the marine ecosystem. Both groups are important in salt marsh-dominated ecosystems. Specific studies will examine, at the level of individual cells and hyphae, the relationship bacteria and fungi in the consortia that decompose standing dead Spartina and other marsh plants and examine how, or if, this changes along the salinity gradient. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE 9982133 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: GCE-AL -- Altamaha River, Georgia, USA GCE7_Hydro -- Hammersmith Creek hydrographic datalogger deployment Coordinates: GCE-AL -- NW: 81 34 56.3 W, 31 24 05.1 N NE: 81 14 16.6 W, 31 24 05.1 N SE: 81 14 16.6 W, 31 17 45.7 N SW: 81 34 56.3 W, 31 17 45.7 N GCE7_Hydro -- 81 28 31.7 W, 31 20 17.5 N b. Physiographic Region: GCE-AL -- Estuary and tidal marsh GCE7_Hydro -- Estuary and tidal marsh c. Landform Components: GCE-AL -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks GCE7_Hydro -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks d. Hydrographic Characteristics: GCE-AL -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. GCE7_Hydro -- Site encompasses the Altamaha River estuary and nearby tidal creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. High freshwater input from the Altamaha River, one of the largest rivers in the Southeastern United States. e. Topographic Attributes: GCE-AL -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide GCE7_Hydro -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: GCE-AL -- unspecified GCE7_Hydro -- unspecified g. Vegetation Communities: GCE-AL -- unspecified GCE7_Hydro -- unspecified h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: none recorded i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2001: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 19.78°C (6.98°C) minimum air temperature: 14.64°C (7.54°C) maximum air temperature: 24.62°C (6.78°C) total precipitation: 3.58mm (11.35mm) Yearly-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1981-2000): 1302mm (250mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: Conductivity, temperature and pressure were continuously monitored using an autonomous data-logging sensor package (sonde) that was moored to a piling and submerged 1-1.5m below mean low water. b. Permanent Plots: none c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: The MicroCAT was programmed to autonomously measure and log conductivity, temperature and pressure at a sampling rate of 30 minutes (based on its internal chronometer). Upon retrieval the data was downloaded from the instrument via RS-232 serial communications and processed using custom Matlab(r) procedures to calculate depth (i.e. from pressure and latitude), salinity and sigma-t (i.e. from conductivity and temperature), and date and time components from sample time stamps. Beginning of Observations: 01-Jan-2005 End of Observations: 31-Dec-2005 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Deployment -- The MicroCAT was mounted inside a protective PVC pipe enclosure and attached to a wooden piling (~12 inch diameter) that was driven firmly into the substrate. The enclosure was constructed from a 10-foot length of 6-inch (internal diameter) PVC pipe that was perforated all over by drilling 1.5-inch holes (at approximately 4-inch spacing); this permits proper water circulation within the enclosure. The bottom of the PVC pipe was submerged about 5 feet below the water surface at low tide and bolted (vertically) to the piling. The MicroCAT was deployed by lowering it into the enclosure on a 0.375-inch stainless steel cable, and bolting the cable to the piling, so that the bottom of the data logger was ~3 inches above the bottom of the PVC pipe. A weighted surveyor's tape was then used to measure the distance from the substrate to the pressure sensor on the MicroCAT for calculation of total water column depth from pressure readings. The mooring was inspected every 1-3 weeks, and any visible fouling of the enclosure or MicroCAT was removed with a brush or scaper. Retrieval and Calibration -- At the end of each measurement period (approximately 2 months), the MicroCAT was unshackled from the cable and returned to the laboratory. The stored data was uploaded to a computer using a RS-232 serial cable and Sea-Bird Electronics SEATERM software. The MicroCAT was then cleaned to remove encrusting material and calibrated with a reference instrument at 4 to 5 salinity levels, generally ranging from 30 to 5 PSU. Data Processing -- Data were processed after each retrieval using custom programs in the GCE Data Toolbox for MATLAB (parse_37sm and imp_gcesonde). Depth was calculated from recorded pressure and latitude values, and salinity and sigma-t were calculated from recorded conductivity and temperature values using standard UNESCO algorithms (reference: Unesco. 1983. Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater, 1983. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 44, 53 pp.). Data were then plotted and visually inspected for evidence of biofouling of the conductivity sensor (i.e. prolonged periods of damped tidal oscillation in conductivity signal with no corresponding changes in temperature signal and no wind or rainfall events recorded at nearby monitoring stations, or periods of damped oscillation immediately followed by normal oscillation after instrument maintenance or replacement). Conductivity values recorded during periods of suspected biofouling were flagged as I (invalid) if visible fouling was noted in maintenance logs, and Q (questionable) if no visible fouling was noted. Daily Aggregation -- The finalized 30-minute resolution data set was filtered to remove any remaining invalid values (i.e. assigned qualifier flags of 'I' = invalid value or 'X' = excise row), then padded with empty rows to produce a monotonic time series data set with even time steps. The data records were then aggregated (grouped) by Year, Month, Day, Site, Longitude and Latitude, and relevant summary statistics were calculated for each measured variable in each group and added as data columns. Quality control rules were defined for each calculated column to flag statistics based on days with more than 35% missing values as invalid, and more than 10% missing values or 35% flagged values as questionable. Columns listing the number and percentage of missing and flagged values in the original data set for each day were also added as data columns for reference by quality control rules. Following aggregation, summary statistics flagged as invalid were removed from the daily-aggregated data set and converted to missing (NaN). b. Instrumentation: Method 1: SBE MicroCAT 37-SM (S/N 3342) Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics (Model: 37-SM MicroCAT) Last Calibration: Mar 05, 2004 Parameter: Conductivity (Accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, Readability: 0.00001 S/m, Range: 0 to 7 S/m) Protocol: Prior to each timed measurement the conductivity cell is opened and water is pumped for 0.5 sec, then conductivity is measured using an ultra-precision Wien-Bridge oscillator with frequency counted by a high-stability reference crystal (<2 ppm/year drift rate). The cell is closed between measurements and tributyl tin antifoulant is released into the tubing. Parameter: Pressure (water) (Accuracy: 0.2m, Readability: 0.0004m, Range: 0 to 20m) Protocol: Pressure is measured using a micro-machined silicon diaphragm with embedded strain elements, and temperature compensation is performed by the SBE MicroCAT onboard cpu. Parameter: Temperature (water) (Accuracy: 0.002°C, Readability: 0.0001°C, Range: -5 to 35°C) Protocol: Temperature is measured by applying an AC excitation to a hermetically-sealed VISHAY reference resistor and an ultra-stable aged thermistor (drift rate typically less than 0.002°C/year). SBE MicroCAT 37-SM (S/N 1794) Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics (Model: 37-SM MicroCAT) Last Calibration: Feb 20, 2001 Parameter: Conductivity (Accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, Readability: 0.00001 S/m, Range: 0 to 7 S/m) Protocol: Water passively circulates through an open internal-field conductivity cell equipped with an external tributyl tin antifoulant dispenser, and conductivity is measured using an ultra-precision Wien-Bridge oscillator with frequency counted by a high-stability reference crystal (<2 ppm/year drift rate). Parameter: Pressure (water) (Accuracy: 0.2m, Readability: 0.0004m, Range: 0 to 20m) Protocol: Pressure is measured using a micro-machined silicon diaphragm with embedded strain elements, and temperature compensation is performed by the SBE MicroCAT onboard cpu. Parameter: Temperature (water) (Accuracy: 0.002°C, Readability: 0.0001°C, Range: -5 to 35°C) Protocol: Temperature is measured by applying an AC excitation to a hermetically-sealed VISHAY reference resistor and an ultra-stable aged thermistor (drift rate typically less than 0.002°C/year). SBE MicroCAT 37-SM (S/N 1795) Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics (Model: 37-SM MicroCAT) Last Calibration: Oct 08, 2004 Parameter: Conductivity (Accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, Readability: 0.00001 S/m, Range: 0 to 7 S/m) Protocol: Water passively circulates through an open internal-field conductivity cell equipped with an external tributyl tin antifoulant dispenser, and conductivity is measured using an ultra-precision Wien-Bridge oscillator with frequency counted by a high-stability reference crystal (<2 ppm/year drift rate). Parameter: Pressure (water) (Accuracy: 0.2m, Readability: 0.0004m, Range: 0 to 20m) Protocol: Pressure is measured using a micro-machined silicon diaphragm with embedded strain elements, and temperature compensation is performed by the SBE MicroCAT onboard cpu. Parameter: Temperature (water) (Accuracy: 0.002°C, Readability: 0.0001°C, Range: -5 to 35°C) Protocol: Temperature is measured by applying an AC excitation to a hermetically-sealed VISHAY reference resistor and an ultra-stable aged thermistor (drift rate typically less than 0.002°C/year). SBE MicroCAT 37-SM (S/N 2398, with pump) Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics (Model: 37-SM MicroCAT) Last Calibration: Apr 16, 2002 Parameter: Conductivity (Accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, Readability: 0.00001 S/m, Range: 0 to 7 S/m) Protocol: Prior to each timed measurement the conductivity cell is opened and water is pumped for 0.5 sec, then conductivity is measured using an ultra-precision Wien-Bridge oscillator with frequency counted by a high-stability reference crystal (<2 ppm/year drift rate). The cell is closed between measurements and tributyl tin antifoulant is released into the tubing. Parameter: Pressure (water) (Accuracy: 0.2m, Readability: 0.0004m, Range: 0 to 20m) Protocol: Pressure is measured using a micro-machined silicon diaphragm with embedded strain elements, and temperature compensation is performed by the SBE MicroCAT onboard cpu. Parameter: Temperature (water) (Accuracy: 0.002°C, Readability: 0.0001°C, Range: -5 to 35°C) Protocol: Temperature is measured by applying an AC excitation to a hermetically-sealed VISHAY reference resistor and an ultra-stable aged thermistor (drift rate typically less than 0.002°C/year). SBE MicroCAT 37-SM (S/N 2413, with pump) Manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics (Model: 37-SM MicroCAT) Last Calibration: May 02, 2002 Parameter: Conductivity (Accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, Readability: 0.00001 S/m, Range: 0 to 7 S/m) Protocol: Prior to each timed measurement the conductivity cell is opened and water is pumped for 0.5 sec, then conductivity is measured using an ultra-precision Wien-Bridge oscillator with frequency counted by a high-stability reference crystal (<2 ppm/year drift rate). The cell is closed between measurements and tributyl tin antifoulant is released into the tubing. Parameter: Pressure (water) (Accuracy: 0.2m, Readability: 0.0004m, Range: 0 to 20m) Protocol: Pressure is measured using a micro-machined silicon diaphragm with embedded strain elements, and temperature compensation is performed by the SBE MicroCAT onboard cpu. Parameter: Temperature (water) (Accuracy: 0.002°C, Readability: 0.0001°C, Range: -5 to 35°C) Protocol: Temperature is measured by applying an AC excitation to a hermetically-sealed VISHAY reference resistor and an ultra-stable aged thermistor (drift rate typically less than 0.002°C/year). Method 2: none Method 3: none c. Taxonomy and Systematics: Method 1: not applicable Method 2: not applicable Method 3: not applicable d. Speclies List: e. Permit History: Method 1: Permission obtained to install instruments on wooden pilings in the Altamaha River near Carrs Island Method 2: none Method 3: none 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: Jackson O. Blanton 2: Julie Amft 3: Kenneth Helm 4: Wade M. Sheldon b. Affiliations: 1: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia 2: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia 3: University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Georgia 4: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 03-Jun-2015 2. Latest Archive Date: 21-Dec-2006 3. Latest Metadata Update: 03-Jun-2015 4. Data Verification Status: New submission B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Wade M. Sheldon, Jr. Position: GCE-LTER Information Manager Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Postal Code: 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: gcelter@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: All publications based on this data set must cite the contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information Management Office. a. Release Date: Affiliates: Mar 17, 2003, Public: May 01, 2003 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from National Science Foundation Grants OCE-9982133, OCE-0620959 and OCE-1237140 c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: PHY-GCEM-0612e_Daily_4_0.CSV 2. Size: 365 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: none 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value (out of range), S = spike/noise, X = excise row flag, E = data value estimated by interpolation 7. Authentication Procedures: not specified 8. Calculations: Depth(m) = sw_dpth(Pressure(dbar),Latitude(deg)) -- sw_dpth (salt water depth from pressure) Matlab function, Revision: 1.3, Date: 10-Oct-1994 (C)1992 CSIRO, Phil Morgan (morgan@ml.csiro.au) [Salinity(psu),Sigma_t] = salsig2(Depth(m),Temperature(C),Conductivity(mmho/cm)) -- salsig2 (salinity and sigma-t from conductivity, temperature and depth) Matlab function Revision 06-May-1992 by V. Holliday, as modified by Tom Gross and Julie Amft (julie@skio.peachnet.edu) 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.3 (06-Apr-2015) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data files processed: 07050298.asc (4121 records) 07050642.asc (4984 records) 07050895.asc (3735 records) 07051194.asc (4558 records) 07060313.asc (4744 records) Data processing history: 25-Feb-2005: data uploaded from SBE 37-SM MicroCAT using SEATERM software version 1.44 25-Feb-2005: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 25-Feb-2005: data imported from processed SBE SM-37 sonde data file '07050298.asc' (4121 records) ('imp_gcesonde') 25-Feb-2005: deleted column Second from the structure ('deletecols') 25-Feb-2005: calculated serial date from individual date component columns, added 'Date' column at position 1 ('add_datecol') 25-Feb-2005: added column 'Instrument' at position 0 ('addcol') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: added column 'Pump' at position 2 ('addcol') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: added column 'Latitude' at position 0 ('addcol') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: added column 'Longitude' at position 0 ('addcol') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: added column 'Site' at position 0 ('addcol') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: added column 'Calibration' at position 19 ('addcol') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: updated 23 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 25-Feb-2005: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): deleted record(s) 4121 25-Feb-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 17-Jun-2005: 4983 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 17-Jun-2005: updated 13 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 17-Jun-2005: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 17-Jun-2005: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 17-Jun-2005: inserted 8 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 17-Jun-2005: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 17-Jun-2005: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 17-Jun-2005: documented flagged and missing values in Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump, Date and Year as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 17-Jun-2005: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 17-Jun-2005: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 31-Aug-2005: 3733 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 31-Aug-2005: updated 14 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 31-Aug-2005: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 31-Aug-2005: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 31-Aug-2005: inserted 9 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 31-Aug-2005: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 31-Aug-2005: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 31-Aug-2005: documented flagged and missing values in Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump, Date and Year as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 02-Dec-2005: 4556 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 02-Dec-2005: updated 14 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 02-Dec-2005: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 02-Dec-2005: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 02-Dec-2005: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 02-Dec-2005: removed 17 rows with empty values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, TotalDepth, Salinity and Sigma_t ('compactrows') 02-Dec-2005: inserted 28 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 02-Dec-2005: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 02-Dec-2005: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 02-Dec-2005: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 02-Dec-2005: documented flagged and missing values in Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump, Date and Year as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 24-Feb-2006: updated 2 metadata fields in the Dataset, Status sections ('addmeta') 24-Feb-2006: removed 28 rows with empty values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, TotalDepth, Salinity and Sigma_t ('compactrows') 24-Feb-2006: inserted 28 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 24-Feb-2006: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 24-Feb-2006: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 23-Mar-2006: 4742 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 23-Mar-2006: updated 15 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 23-Mar-2006: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 23-Mar-2006: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 23-Mar-2006: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 23-Mar-2006: inserted 4 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 23-Mar-2006: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 23-Mar-2006: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 23-Mar-2006: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, TotalDepth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 21-Dec-2006: query 'Year=2005' run, returned 17520 of 22166 data rows ('querydata') 21-Dec-2006: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 21-Dec-2006: deleted the following rows in all columns with values in any column assigned QA/QC flag(s) X (excise row flag): 3535 and 10254. ('cullflags') 21-Dec-2006: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 21-Dec-2006: inserted 2 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 21-Dec-2006: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 21-Dec-2006: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 21-Dec-2006: imported Dataset, Project, Site, Study, Status, Supplement metadata descriptors from the GCE Metabase ('imp_gcemetadata') 21-Dec-2006: updated 66 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('imp_gcemetadata') 21-Dec-2006: updated 3 metadata fields in the Dataset, Status, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 02-Jan-2007: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 02-Jan-2007: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, TotalDepth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 02-Jan-2007: updated 3 metadata fields in the Dataset, Status, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 26-Sep-2008: query 'Year = 2005' run, returned 17520 of 17520 data rows ('querydata') 26-Sep-2008: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 26-Sep-2008: updated title ('newtitle') 26-Sep-2008: updated 2 metadata fields in the Dataset, Status sections ('newtitle') 26-Sep-2008: updated 3 metadata fields in the Status sections ('addmeta') 22-Apr-2011: updated 3 metadata fields in the Status sections ('addmeta') 22-Apr-2011: updated 3 metadata fields in the Status sections ('addmeta') 16-Nov-2011: matched 17520 out of 17520 geographic coordinates in columns Latitude and Longitude to coordinates for registered locations in the file 'geo_locations.mat' within a distance tolerance of 0.5km (add_locations) 16-Nov-2011: added column 'Station' at position 2 ('addcol') 16-Nov-2011: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Station, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 16-Nov-2011: added geographic metadata based on matching values in column Station to location and station names registered in 'geo_locations.mat' ('add_sitemetadata') 16-Nov-2011: updated 9 metadata fields in the Site, Status sections ('add_sitemetadata') 03-Jun-2015: query 'Year=2005' run, returned 17520 of 17520 data rows ('querydata') 03-Jun-2015: imported all documentation metadata from the template 'GCE_Sonde_GCE1', retaining existing attribute descriptors for all columns ('meta_template') 03-Jun-2015: updated 44 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: updated title ('newtitle') 03-Jun-2015: added geographic metadata based on matching values in column Station to location and station names registered in 'geo_locations.mat' ('add_sitemetadata') 03-Jun-2015: updated 8 metadata fields in the Site sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: updated title ('newtitle') 03-Jun-2015: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: deleted columns TotalDepth, Calibration and Pump from the structure ('deletecols') 03-Jun-2015: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 03-Jun-2015: updated 1 metadata fields in the Data sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: replaced 34 missing values in column Temperature with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Temperature as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8.2 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 12 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Jun-2015: 34 values in 'Temperature' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 2625 from NaN to 16.404, changed record 2626 from NaN to 16.468, changed record 2627 from NaN to 16.542, changed record 2628 from NaN to 16.622, changed record 2629 from NaN to 16.706, changed record 2630 from NaN to 16.792, changed record 2631 from NaN to 16.876, changed record 2632 from NaN to 16.957, changed record 3535 from NaN to 15.815, changed record 7616 from NaN to 27.315, changed record 7617 from NaN to 27.372, changed record 7618 from NaN to 27.430, changed record 7619 from NaN to 27.491, changed record 7620 from NaN to 27.555, changed record 7621 from NaN to 27.623, changed record 7622 from NaN to 27.697, changed record 7623 from NaN to 27.778, changed record 7624 from NaN to 27.867, changed record 10254 from NaN to 27.112, changed record 11358 from NaN to 28.122, changed record 11359 from NaN to 28.148, changed record 11360 from NaN to 28.186, changed record 11361 from NaN to 28.234, changed record 11362 from NaN to 28.289, changed record 11363 from NaN to 28.347, changed record 11364 from NaN to 28.404, changed record 11365 from NaN to 28.459, changed record 11366 from NaN to 28.507, changed record 11367 from NaN to 28.545, changed record 11368 from NaN to 28.571, changed record 15925 from NaN to 15.528, changed record 15926 from NaN to 15.534, changed record 15927 from NaN to 15.541, changed record 15928 from NaN to 15.547 03-Jun-2015: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Temperature, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Jun-2015: replaced 34 missing values in column Conductivity with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Conductivity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8.2 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 12 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Jun-2015: 34 values in 'Conductivity' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 2625 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2626 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2627 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2628 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2629 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2630 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2631 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 2632 from NaN to 0.009, changed record 3535 from NaN to 0.008, changed record 7616 from NaN to 0.014, changed record 7617 from NaN to 0.014, changed record 7618 from NaN to 0.014, changed record 7619 from NaN to 0.014, changed record 7620 from NaN to 0.014, changed record 7621 from NaN to 0.014, changed record 7622 from NaN to 0.013, changed record 7623 from NaN to 0.013, changed record 7624 from NaN to 0.013, changed record 10254 from NaN to 0.010, changed record 11358 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11359 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11360 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11361 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11362 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11363 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11364 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11365 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11366 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11367 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 11368 from NaN to 0.011, changed record 15925 from NaN to 0.017, changed record 15926 from NaN to 0.017, changed record 15927 from NaN to 0.017, changed record 15928 from NaN to 0.017 03-Jun-2015: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Conductivity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Jun-2015: replaced 34 missing values in column Pressure with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Pressure as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8.2 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 12 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Jun-2015: 34 values in 'Pressure' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 2625 from NaN to 2.742, changed record 2626 from NaN to 2.619, changed record 2627 from NaN to 2.471, changed record 2628 from NaN to 2.306, changed record 2629 from NaN to 2.131, changed record 2630 from NaN to 1.956, changed record 2631 from NaN to 1.788, changed record 2632 from NaN to 1.635, changed record 3535 from NaN to 2.172, changed record 7616 from NaN to 2.939, changed record 7617 from NaN to 2.863, changed record 7618 from NaN to 2.747, changed record 7619 from NaN to 2.601, changed record 7620 from NaN to 2.434, changed record 7621 from NaN to 2.254, changed record 7622 from NaN to 2.070, changed record 7623 from NaN to 1.892, changed record 7624 from NaN to 1.729, changed record 10254 from NaN to 2.321, changed record 11358 from NaN to 1.930, changed record 11359 from NaN to 2.098, changed record 11360 from NaN to 2.269, changed record 11361 from NaN to 2.440, changed record 11362 from NaN to 2.605, changed record 11363 from NaN to 2.762, changed record 11364 from NaN to 2.906, changed record 11365 from NaN to 3.032, changed record 11366 from NaN to 3.138, changed record 11367 from NaN to 3.219, changed record 11368 from NaN to 3.270, changed record 15925 from NaN to 1.679, changed record 15926 from NaN to 1.718, changed record 15927 from NaN to 1.778, changed record 15928 from NaN to 1.858 03-Jun-2015: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Pressure, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Jun-2015: replaced 34 missing values in column Depth with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Depth as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8.2 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 12 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Jun-2015: 34 values in 'Depth' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 2625 from NaN to 2.723, changed record 2626 from NaN to 2.601, changed record 2627 from NaN to 2.454, changed record 2628 from NaN to 2.290, changed record 2629 from NaN to 2.117, changed record 2630 from NaN to 1.943, changed record 2631 from NaN to 1.776, changed record 2632 from NaN to 1.624, changed record 3535 from NaN to 2.157, changed record 7616 from NaN to 2.918, changed record 7617 from NaN to 2.843, changed record 7618 from NaN to 2.728, changed record 7619 from NaN to 2.583, changed record 7620 from NaN to 2.417, changed record 7621 from NaN to 2.238, changed record 7622 from NaN to 2.056, changed record 7623 from NaN to 1.879, changed record 7624 from NaN to 1.717, changed record 10254 from NaN to 2.305, changed record 11358 from NaN to 1.917, changed record 11359 from NaN to 2.084, changed record 11360 from NaN to 2.254, changed record 11361 from NaN to 2.423, changed record 11362 from NaN to 2.587, changed record 11363 from NaN to 2.743, changed record 11364 from NaN to 2.886, changed record 11365 from NaN to 3.012, changed record 11366 from NaN to 3.116, changed record 11367 from NaN to 3.196, changed record 11368 from NaN to 3.247, changed record 15925 from NaN to 1.667, changed record 15926 from NaN to 1.706, changed record 15927 from NaN to 1.766, changed record 15928 from NaN to 1.845 03-Jun-2015: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Depth, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Jun-2015: replaced 34 missing values in column Salinity with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Salinity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8.2 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 12 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Jun-2015: 34 values in 'Salinity' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 2625 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 2626 from NaN to 0.052, changed record 2627 from NaN to 0.052, changed record 2628 from NaN to 0.052, changed record 2629 from NaN to 0.051, changed record 2630 from NaN to 0.051, changed record 2631 from NaN to 0.051, changed record 2632 from NaN to 0.051, changed record 3535 from NaN to 0.048, changed record 7616 from NaN to 0.068, changed record 7617 from NaN to 0.068, changed record 7618 from NaN to 0.067, changed record 7619 from NaN to 0.066, changed record 7620 from NaN to 0.066, changed record 7621 from NaN to 0.065, changed record 7622 from NaN to 0.064, changed record 7623 from NaN to 0.064, changed record 7624 from NaN to 0.063, changed record 10254 from NaN to 0.049, changed record 11358 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11359 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11360 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11361 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11362 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11363 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11364 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11365 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11366 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11367 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 11368 from NaN to 0.053, changed record 15925 from NaN to 0.100, changed record 15926 from NaN to 0.100, changed record 15927 from NaN to 0.100, changed record 15928 from NaN to 0.100 03-Jun-2015: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Salinity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Jun-2015: replaced 34 missing values in column Sigma_t with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Sigma_t as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8.2 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 12 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Jun-2015: 34 values in 'Sigma_t' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 2625 from NaN to -1.082, changed record 2626 from NaN to -1.093, changed record 2627 from NaN to -1.105, changed record 2628 from NaN to -1.119, changed record 2629 from NaN to -1.134, changed record 2630 from NaN to -1.149, changed record 2631 from NaN to -1.163, changed record 2632 from NaN to -1.177, changed record 3535 from NaN to -0.989, changed record 7616 from NaN to -3.521, changed record 7617 from NaN to -3.537, changed record 7618 from NaN to -3.554, changed record 7619 from NaN to -3.571, changed record 7620 from NaN to -3.589, changed record 7621 from NaN to -3.609, changed record 7622 from NaN to -3.631, changed record 7623 from NaN to -3.654, changed record 7624 from NaN to -3.680, changed record 10254 from NaN to -3.479, changed record 11358 from NaN to -3.760, changed record 11359 from NaN to -3.767, changed record 11360 from NaN to -3.778, changed record 11361 from NaN to -3.792, changed record 11362 from NaN to -3.807, changed record 11363 from NaN to -3.824, changed record 11364 from NaN to -3.841, changed record 11365 from NaN to -3.856, changed record 11366 from NaN to -3.870, changed record 11367 from NaN to -3.881, changed record 11368 from NaN to -3.888, changed record 15925 from NaN to -0.903, changed record 15926 from NaN to -0.904, changed record 15927 from NaN to -0.905, changed record 15928 from NaN to -0.906 03-Jun-2015: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Sigma_t, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Jun-2015: performed daily statistical aggregation on data columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t by grouping on columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Year, Month and Day (aggr_datetime) 03-Jun-2015: updated title ('newtitle') 03-Jun-2015: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: calculated calendar date in MATLAB serial day (base 1/1/0000) format from individual date component columns Year, Month and Day, added 'Date' column at position 4 ('add_datecol') 03-Jun-2015: updated 1 metadata fields in the Study sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: converted dates in column(s) Date to format yyyy-mm-dd 03-Jun-2015: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 03-Jun-2015: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Site column 2. Longitude column 3. Latitude column 4. Date column 5. Year column 6. Month column 7. Day column 8. Missing_Temperature column 9. Percent_Missing_Temperature column 10. Flagged_Temperature column 11. Percent_Flagged_Temperature column 12. Daily_Num_Temperature column 13. Daily_Min_Temperature column 14. Daily_Max_Temperature column 15. Daily_Mean_Temperature column 16. Daily_StdDev_Temperature column 17. Daily_SE_Temperature column 18. Missing_Conductivity column 19. Percent_Missing_Conductivity column 20. Flagged_Conductivity column 21. Percent_Flagged_Conductivity column 22. Daily_Num_Conductivity column 23. Daily_Min_Conductivity column 24. Daily_Max_Conductivity column 25. Daily_Mean_Conductivity column 26. Daily_StdDev_Conductivity column 27. Daily_SE_Conductivity column 28. Missing_Pressure column 29. Percent_Missing_Pressure column 30. Flagged_Pressure column 31. Percent_Flagged_Pressure column 32. Daily_Num_Pressure column 33. Daily_Min_Pressure column 34. Daily_Max_Pressure column 35. Daily_Mean_Pressure column 36. Daily_StdDev_Pressure column 37. Daily_SE_Pressure column 38. Missing_Depth column 39. Percent_Missing_Depth column 40. Flagged_Depth column 41. Percent_Flagged_Depth column 42. Daily_Num_Depth column 43. Daily_Min_Depth column 44. Daily_Max_Depth column 45. Daily_Mean_Depth column 46. Daily_StdDev_Depth column 47. Daily_SE_Depth column 48. Missing_Salinity column 49. Percent_Missing_Salinity column 50. Flagged_Salinity column 51. Percent_Flagged_Salinity column 52. Daily_Num_Salinity column 53. Daily_Min_Salinity column 54. Daily_Max_Salinity column 55. Daily_Mean_Salinity column 56. Daily_StdDev_Salinity column 57. Daily_SE_Salinity column 58. Missing_Sigma_t column 59. Percent_Missing_Sigma_t column 60. Flagged_Sigma_t column 61. Percent_Flagged_Sigma_t column 62. Daily_Num_Sigma_t column 63. Daily_Min_Sigma_t column 64. Daily_Max_Sigma_t column 65. Daily_Mean_Sigma_t column 66. Daily_StdDev_Sigma_t column 67. Daily_SE_Sigma_t 2. Variable Definition: column 1. Nearest nominal GCE-LTER sampling site column 2. Geographic longitude in decimal degrees column 3. Geographic latitude in decimal degrees column 4. Fractional MATLAB serial day (based on 1 = January 1, 0000) column 5. Calendar year column 6. Calendar month column 7. Calendar day column 8. Number of missing observations of Water temperature column 9. Percent missing observations of Water temperature column 10. Number of QC/QA-flagged observations of Water temperature column 11. Percent QC/QA-flagged observations of Water temperature column 12. Daily Observations of Water temperature column 13. Daily Minimum Water temperature column 14. Daily Maximum Water temperature column 15. Daily Mean Water temperature column 16. Daily Sample Standard Deviation of Water temperature column 17. Daily Standard Error of Water temperature column 18. Number of missing observations of Conductivity column 19. Percent missing observations of Conductivity column 20. Number of QC/QA-flagged observations of Conductivity column 21. Percent QC/QA-flagged observations of Conductivity column 22. Daily Observations of Conductivity column 23. Daily Minimum Conductivity column 24. Daily Maximum Conductivity column 25. Daily Mean Conductivity column 26. Daily Sample Standard Deviation of Conductivity column 27. Daily Standard Error of Conductivity column 28. Number of missing observations of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 29. Percent missing observations of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 30. Number of QC/QA-flagged observations of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 31. Percent QC/QA-flagged observations of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 32. Daily Observations of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 33. Daily Minimum Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 34. Daily Maximum Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 35. Daily Mean Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 36. Daily Sample Standard Deviation of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 37. Daily Standard Error of Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 38. Number of missing observations of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 39. Percent missing observations of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 40. Number of QC/QA-flagged observations of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 41. Percent QC/QA-flagged observations of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 42. Daily Observations of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 43. Daily Minimum Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 44. Daily Maximum Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 45. Daily Mean Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 46. Daily Sample Standard Deviation of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 47. Daily Standard Error of Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 48. Number of missing observations of Salinity column 49. Percent missing observations of Salinity column 50. Number of QC/QA-flagged observations of Salinity column 51. Percent QC/QA-flagged observations of Salinity column 52. Daily Observations of Salinity column 53. Daily Minimum Salinity column 54. Daily Maximum Salinity column 55. Daily Mean Salinity column 56. Daily Sample Standard Deviation of Salinity column 57. Daily Standard Error of Salinity column 58. Number of missing observations of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 59. Percent missing observations of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 60. Number of QC/QA-flagged observations of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 61. Percent QC/QA-flagged observations of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 62. Daily Observations of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 63. Daily Minimum Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 64. Daily Maximum Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 65. Daily Mean Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 66. Daily Sample Standard Deviation of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 67. Daily Standard Error of Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. none column 2. degrees column 3. degrees column 4. yyyy-mm-dd column 5. YYYY column 6. MM column 7. DD column 8. count column 9. % column 10. count column 11. % column 12. count column 13. °C column 14. °C column 15. °C column 16. °C column 17. °C column 18. count column 19. % column 20. count column 21. % column 22. count column 23. S/m column 24. S/m column 25. S/m column 26. S/m column 27. S/m column 28. count column 29. % column 30. count column 31. % column 32. count column 33. dbar column 34. dbar column 35. dbar column 36. dbar column 37. dbar column 38. count column 39. % column 40. count column 41. % column 42. count column 43. m column 44. m column 45. m column 46. m column 47. m column 48. count column 49. % column 50. count column 51. % column 52. count column 53. PSU column 54. PSU column 55. PSU column 56. PSU column 57. PSU column 58. count column 59. % column 60. count column 61. % column 62. count column 63. kg/m^3 column 64. kg/m^3 column 65. kg/m^3 column 66. kg/m^3 column 67. kg/m^3 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. integer column 2. floating-point column 3. floating-point column 4. string column 5. integer column 6. integer column 7. integer column 8. integer column 9. floating-point column 10. integer column 11. floating-point column 12. integer column 13. floating-point column 14. floating-point column 15. floating-point column 16. floating-point column 17. floating-point column 18. integer column 19. floating-point column 20. integer column 21. floating-point column 22. integer column 23. floating-point column 24. floating-point column 25. floating-point column 26. floating-point column 27. floating-point column 28. integer column 29. floating-point column 30. integer column 31. floating-point column 32. integer column 33. floating-point column 34. floating-point column 35. floating-point column 36. floating-point column 37. floating-point column 38. integer column 39. floating-point column 40. integer column 41. floating-point column 42. integer column 43. floating-point column 44. floating-point column 45. floating-point column 46. floating-point column 47. floating-point column 48. integer column 49. floating-point column 50. integer column 51. floating-point column 52. integer column 53. floating-point column 54. floating-point column 55. floating-point column 56. floating-point column 57. floating-point column 58. integer column 59. floating-point column 60. integer column 61. floating-point column 62. integer column 63. floating-point column 64. floating-point column 65. floating-point column 66. floating-point column 67. floating-point b. Variable Codes: none c. Numeric Range: column 1. 7 to 7 column 2. -81.4755 to -81.4755 column 3. 31.3384 to 31.3384 column 4. (none) column 5. 2005 to 2005 column 6. 1 to 12 column 7. 1 to 31 column 8. 0 to 0 column 9. 0 to 0 column 10. 0 to 11 column 11. 0 to 18.6441 column 12. 48 to 48 column 13. 7.8376 to 29.1814 column 14. 8.6965 to 30.4907 column 15. 8.2948 to 29.6485 column 16. 0.050391 to 0.70596 column 17. 0.0072734 to 0.1019 column 18. 0 to 0 column 19. 0 to 0 column 20. 0 to 11 column 21. 0 to 18.6441 column 22. 48 to 48 column 23. 0.00428 to 0.02485 column 24. 0.0046 to 0.16776 column 25. 0.0044856 to 0.03733 column 26. 2.4524e-05 to 0.040442 column 27. 3.5397e-06 to 0.0058373 column 28. 0 to 0 column 29. 0 to 0 column 30. 0 to 11 column 31. 0 to 18.6441 column 32. 48 to 48 column 33. 0.681 to 2.749 column 34. 2.372 to 3.703 column 35. 1.5718 to 3.1918 column 36. 0.059662 to 0.7262 column 37. 0.0086115 to 0.10482 column 38. 0 to 0 column 39. 0 to 0 column 40. 0 to 11 column 41. 0 to 18.6441 column 42. 48 to 48 column 43. 0.67629 to 2.73 column 44. 2.3556 to 3.6774 column 45. 1.5609 to 3.1697 column 46. 0.059249 to 0.72117 column 47. 0.0085519 to 0.10409 column 48. 0 to 0 column 49. 0 to 0 column 50. 0 to 11 column 51. 0 to 18.6441 column 52. 48 to 48 column 53. 0.027791 to 0.1275 column 54. 0.029226 to 0.83919 column 55. 0.028755 to 0.19078 column 56. 8.7928e-05 to 0.20093 column 57. 1.2691e-05 to 0.029002 column 58. 0 to 0 column 59. 0 to 0 column 60. 0 to 11 column 61. 0 to 18.6441 column 62. 48 to 48 column 63. -4.4555 to -0.14384 column 64. -4.0689 to -0.093038 column 65. -4.2016 to -0.11712 column 66. 0.0034583 to 0.15465 column 67. 0.00049917 to 0.022322 d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. numerical column 2. numerical column 3. numerical column 4. text column 5. numerical column 6. numerical column 7. numerical column 8. numerical column 9. numerical column 10. numerical column 11. numerical column 12. numerical column 13. numerical column 14. numerical column 15. numerical column 16. numerical column 17. numerical column 18. numerical column 19. numerical column 20. numerical column 21. numerical column 22. numerical column 23. numerical column 24. numerical column 25. numerical column 26. numerical column 27. numerical column 28. numerical column 29. numerical column 30. numerical column 31. numerical column 32. numerical column 33. numerical column 34. numerical column 35. numerical column 36. numerical column 37. numerical column 38. numerical column 39. numerical column 40. numerical column 41. numerical column 42. numerical column 43. numerical column 44. numerical column 45. numerical column 46. numerical column 47. numerical column 48. numerical column 49. numerical column 50. numerical column 51. numerical column 52. numerical column 53. numerical column 54. numerical column 55. numerical column 56. numerical column 57. numerical column 58. numerical column 59. numerical column 60. numerical column 61. numerical column 62. numerical column 63. numerical column 64. numerical column 65. numerical column 66. numerical column 67. numerical b. Number of Columns: 67 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 6 column 3. 6 column 4. 0 column 5. 0 column 6. 0 column 7. 0 column 8. 0 column 9. 2 column 10. 0 column 11. 2 column 12. 0 column 13. 3 column 14. 3 column 15. 4 column 16. 4 column 17. 5 column 18. 0 column 19. 2 column 20. 0 column 21. 2 column 22. 0 column 23. 3 column 24. 3 column 25. 4 column 26. 4 column 27. 5 column 28. 0 column 29. 2 column 30. 0 column 31. 2 column 32. 0 column 33. 3 column 34. 3 column 35. 4 column 36. 4 column 37. 5 column 38. 0 column 39. 2 column 40. 0 column 41. 2 column 42. 0 column 43. 3 column 44. 3 column 45. 4 column 46. 4 column 47. 5 column 48. 0 column 49. 2 column 50. 0 column 51. 2 column 52. 0 column 53. 3 column 54. 3 column 55. 4 column 56. 4 column 57. 5 column 58. 0 column 59. 2 column 60. 0 column 61. 2 column 62. 0 column 63. 3 column 64. 3 column 65. 4 column 66. 4 column 67. 5 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. nominal (discrete) column 2. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 3. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 4. datetime (none) column 5. datetime (discrete) column 6. datetime (discrete) column 7. datetime (discrete) column 8. calculation (discrete) column 9. calculation (continuous) column 10. calculation (discrete) column 11. calculation (continuous) column 12. calculation (discrete) column 13. calculation (continuous) column 14. calculation (continuous) column 15. calculation (continuous) column 16. calculation (continuous) column 17. calculation (continuous) column 18. calculation (discrete) column 19. calculation (continuous) column 20. calculation (discrete) column 21. calculation (continuous) column 22. calculation (discrete) column 23. calculation (continuous) column 24. calculation (continuous) column 25. calculation (continuous) column 26. calculation (continuous) column 27. calculation (continuous) column 28. calculation (discrete) column 29. calculation (continuous) column 30. calculation (discrete) column 31. calculation (continuous) column 32. calculation (discrete) column 33. calculation (continuous) column 34. calculation (continuous) column 35. calculation (continuous) column 36. calculation (continuous) column 37. calculation (continuous) column 38. calculation (discrete) column 39. calculation (continuous) column 40. calculation (discrete) column 41. calculation (continuous) column 42. calculation (discrete) column 43. calculation (continuous) column 44. calculation (continuous) column 45. calculation (continuous) column 46. calculation (continuous) column 47. calculation (continuous) column 48. calculation (discrete) column 49. calculation (continuous) column 50. calculation (discrete) column 51. calculation (continuous) column 52. calculation (discrete) column 53. calculation (continuous) column 54. calculation (continuous) column 55. calculation (continuous) column 56. calculation (continuous) column 57. calculation (continuous) column 58. calculation (discrete) column 59. calculation (continuous) column 60. calculation (discrete) column 61. calculation (continuous) column 62. calculation (discrete) column 63. calculation (continuous) column 64. calculation (continuous) column 65. calculation (continuous) column 66. calculation (continuous) column 67. calculation (continuous) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. none column 4. none column 5. none column 6. none column 7. none column 8. none column 9. none column 10. none column 11. none column 12. none column 13. col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>15="Q";col_Percen t_Flagged_Temperature>35="Q" column 14. col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>15="Q";col_Percen t_Flagged_Temperature>35="Q" column 15. col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>15="Q";col_Percen t_Flagged_Temperature>35="Q" column 16. col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>15="Q";col_Percen t_Flagged_Temperature>35="Q" column 17. col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Temperature>15="Q";col_Percen t_Flagged_Temperature>35="Q" column 18. none column 19. none column 20. none column 21. none column 22. none column 23. col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>15="Q";col_Perc ent_Flagged_Conductivity>35="Q" column 24. col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>15="Q";col_Perc ent_Flagged_Conductivity>35="Q" column 25. col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>15="Q";col_Perc ent_Flagged_Conductivity>35="Q" column 26. col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>15="Q";col_Perc ent_Flagged_Conductivity>35="Q" column 27. col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Conductivity>15="Q";col_Perc ent_Flagged_Conductivity>35="Q" column 28. none column 29. none column 30. none column 31. none column 32. none column 33. col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Pressure>35="Q" column 34. col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Pressure>35="Q" column 35. col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Pressure>35="Q" column 36. col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Pressure>35="Q" column 37. col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Pressure>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Pressure>35="Q" column 38. none column 39. none column 40. none column 41. none column 42. none column 43. col_Percent_Missing_Depth>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Depth>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagged_De pth>35="Q" column 44. col_Percent_Missing_Depth>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Depth>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagged_De pth>35="Q" column 45. col_Percent_Missing_Depth>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Depth>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagged_De pth>35="Q" column 46. col_Percent_Missing_Depth>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Depth>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagged_De pth>35="Q" column 47. col_Percent_Missing_Depth>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Depth>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagged_De pth>35="Q" column 48. none column 49. none column 50. none column 51. none column 52. none column 53. col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Salinity>35="Q" column 54. col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Salinity>35="Q" column 55. col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Salinity>35="Q" column 56. col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Salinity>35="Q" column 57. col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Salinity>15="Q";col_Percent_Flag ged_Salinity>35="Q" column 58. none column 59. none column 60. none column 61. none column 62. none column 63. col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagge d_Sigma_t>35="Q" column 64. col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagge d_Sigma_t>35="Q" column 65. col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagge d_Sigma_t>35="Q" column 66. col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagge d_Sigma_t>35="Q" column 67. col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>35="I";col_Percent_Missing_Sigma_t>15="Q";col_Percent_Flagge d_Sigma_t>35="Q" C. Data Anomalies: V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: Copies of CTD cast logs and raw data are maintained at the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Information Management Office 2. Form Location: GCE-LTER Information Management Office, Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 3. Data Entry Validation: Data format is validated during download by Sea-Bird Electronics Sea-Soft version 4.246, and also by custom data import programs in the GCE Data Toolbox for Matlab. B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: QA/QC flags are generated automatically according to domain criteria specified for each data column, then subsequently reviewed and revised as appropriate. Coded flag columns are generated for each data column, listing qualifier flags assigned to the data value on the corresponding row. C. Supplemental Materials: not applicable D. Computer Programs: Sea-Bird Electronics Sea-Soft version 4.246, MATLAB version 2013B E. Archival Practices: Data sets and documentation are stored in structured binary (Matlab 5.x files) and delimited ASCII text formats, and archived on magnetic tape and CD at the GCE LTER Information Management Office at the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA F. Publications: unspecified G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: unspecified 2. Data Set Update History: No Data 3. Review History: Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: S/N 2398 SITE 07 Set up by K. Helm Time on 11/30/04 2000 GMT Time into water 11/30/04 1845 GMT Time out of water 02/24/05 1543 GMT Time off 02/24/05 1649 GMT Sample Interval 1800sec. Deployment Information Date 11/30/04 Time 1845GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 16.4 Water depth 17'-8"” Sensor height above bottom 6'-6" Retrieval Information Date 02/24/05 Time 1543 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 17.1 Water depth 19'-0” Instrument condition Sensor tube – very clean Upload file name 07050298 Maintenance Record Date 12/17/04 Time 1552 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 10.2 Water depth - 19'-0” Sensor tube – very clean Date 01/04/05 Time 1839 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 12.9 Water depth 19'-7” sensor tube – very clean Date 01/18/05 Time 1547 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 10.4 Water depth 15’-0 Sensor tube – very clean Date 01/31/05 Time 1440 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 8.4 Water depth 15'-2" Sensor tube – very clean Date 02/16/05 Time 1446 Ysi Sal 0.1 Ysi Temp 13.9 Depth 14'-3" Sensor tube -very clean Date Time Ysi sal Ysi temp Depth Cond Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: S/N 3342 SITE 7 Set up by K. Helm Time on 02/24/05 2000GMT Time into water 02/24/05 1543 GMT Time out of water 06/08/05 1523 GMT Time off 06/08/05 1626 GMT Sample Interval 1800sec. Deployment Information Date 02/24/05 Time 1543 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 17.1 Water depth 19'-0” Sensor height above bottom 6'-6” Retrieval Information Date 06/08/05 Time 1523 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 27.7 Water depth 18,-9” Instrument condition Sensor tube – very clean Upload file name 07050642 Maintenance Record Date 03/15/05 Time 1458 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 15.6 Water depth - 17'-4” Sensor tube – very clean Date 04/5/05 Time 1510 GMT Ysi sal 0.0 Ysi temp 18.2 Water depth 18'-3” sensor tube – very clean Date 04/19/05 Time 1455 GMT Ysi sal 0.0 Ysi temp 18.0 Water depth 16,-7" Sensor tube – very clean Date 5/3/05 Time 1432 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 20.2 Water depth 15'-10 Sensor tube –very clean Date 5/17/05 Time 1417 Ysi Sal 0.1 Ysi Temp 24.2 Depth 13,-10" Cond sensor tube-- very clean Date Time Ysi sal Ysi temp Depth Cond Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: S/N 1795 SITE 7 Set up by K. Helm Time on 06/08/05 2000GMT Time into water 06/08/05 1523 GMT Time out of water 08/25/05 1422 GMT Time off 08/25/05 1538 GMT Sample Interval 1800sec. Deployment Information Date 6/8/05 Time 1523 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 27.7 Water depth 18'-9” Sensor height above bottom 6'-6” Retrieval Information Date 08/25/05 Time 1422 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 28.2 Water depth 15'-6” Instrument condition Sensor tube – very clean Upload file name 07050895 Maintenance Record Date 06/21/05 Time 1702 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 25.8 Water depth - 17'-2” Sensor tube – very clean Date 07/6/05 Time 1226 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 29.1 Water depth 19'-10” sensor tube – very clean Date 07/18/05 Time 1401 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 28.5 Water depth 15'-5" Sensor tube – very clean Date 8/2/05 Time 1425 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 27.2 Water depth 17'-0" Sensor tube –clean Date 8/16/05 Time 1300 Ysi Sal 0.1 Ysi Temp 28.9 Depth 16'-6" Cond sensor tube-very clean Date Time Ysi sal Ysi temp Depth Cond Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: S/N 1794 SITE 7 Set up by K. Helm Time on 08/25/05 2000 GMT Time into water 08/25/05 1422 GMT Time out of water 11/28/05 1745 GMT Time off 11/28/05 1908 GMT Sample Interval 1800sec. Deployment Information Date 8/25/05 Time 1422 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 28.2 Water depth 15'-6” Sensor height above bottom 6'-6” Retrieval Information Date 11/28/05 Time 1745 GMT YSI sal 0.1 Ysi temp 16.0 Water depth 14'-5” Instrument condition Sensor tube – very clean Upload file name 07051194 Maintenance Record Date 09/12/05 Time 1455 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 26.0 Water depth - 15'-0” Sensor tube – very clean Date 09/27/05 Time 1542 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 28.6 Water depth 14'-1” sensor tube – very clean Date 10/10/05 Time 1605 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 25.1 Water depth 18'-7" Sensor tube – very clean Date 11/7/05 Time 1419 GMT Ysi sal 0.1 Ysi temp 19.5 Water depth 17'-0" Sensor tube – very clean Date Time Ysi Sal Ysi Temp Depth Cond - Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: S/N 2413 Site# 7 set up by K. Helm Date 11/28/05 Time on 2000GMT Time into water 1745 Date 3/07/06 Time out of water 1450 Time off 1603 Sample interval 1800 Deployment information Date 11/28/05 Time 1745 ysi sal 0.1 ysi temp 16.0 water depth 14'-5" sensor height above bottom 6'-6" Retrieval information Date 3/07/06 Time 1450 ysi sal 0.0 ysi temp 14.6 water depth 15'-1" Instrument condition sensor tube very clean Upload filename 07060313 Maintenance record Date 12/16/05 Time 1438 Sal 0.1 Temp 11.0 Depth 21'-6" Condition - sensor tube very clean Date 1/9/06 Time 1628 Sal 0.0 Temp 10.7 Depth 14'-8" Condition- sensor tube- clogged hose clean Date 1/24/06 Time 1528 Sal 0.1 Temp 15.1 Depth 14'-3" Condition- sensor tube very clean Date 2/09/06 Time 1735 Sal 0.0 Temp 11.1 Depth 14'-5" Condition- sensor tube very clean Date Time Sal Temp Depth Condition 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none