I. Data Set Descriptors A. Title: Daniela Di Iorio. 2015. Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE6_Hydro (Doboy Sound south of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2010 through 06-Dec-2010. Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Data Catalog (data set PHY-GCEM-1101d; http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/app/dataset_details.asp?accession=PHY-GCEM-1101d) B. Accession Number: PHY-GCEM-1101d C. Description 1. Originator(s): Name: Daniela Di Iorio Address: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Postal Code: 30602 Country: USA Email: daniela@uga.edu 2. Abstract: Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE6_Hydro (Doboy Sound south of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2010 through 06-Dec-2010. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program. 3. Study Type: Monitoring 4. Study Themes: Physical Oceanography 5. LTER Core Areas: Inorganic Fluxes 6. Georeferences: geographic coordinates as data set columns 7. Submission Date: not submitted D. Keywords: conductivity, density, depth, Hydrographic Moorings, hydrography, Inorganic Nutrients, monitoring, mooring, pressure, salinity, sonde, temperature, water column, water quality II. Research Origin Descriptors A. Overall Project Description 1. Project Title: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER III 2. Principal Investigators: Name: Merryl Alber Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Postal Code: 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: malber@uga.edu Name: Steven C. Pennings Address: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas Postal Code: 77204-5513 Country: USA Email: scpennin@central.uh.edu 3. Funding Period: 27-Dec-2006 to 17-Sep-2012 4. Objectives: The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. 5. Abstract: The Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER is located along three adjacent sounds on the Atlantic coast and includes both intertidal marshes and estuaries. Long-term drivers of climate change, sea level rise and human alterations of the landscape will cause transitions in dominant habitat types (state changes) within the GCE domain by changing the amounts and patterns of water delivery across the landscape. These changes in water delivery can be conceptualized as presses and pulses in river inflow, local runoff, groundwater input, and tidal inundation, which will in turn manifest themselves as changes in salinity and inundation patterns in the domain. The research proposed for GCE-III is designed to address how variations in salinity and inundation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, affect biotic and ecosystem responses at different spatial and temporal scales, and to predict the consequences of these changes for habitat provisioning and carbon (C) sequestration across the coastal landscape. The goals are to: 1) Track long-term changes in climate and human actions in the watershed and adjacent uplands, and evaluate the effects of these drivers on domain boundary conditions. 2) Describe temporal and spatial variability in physical, chemical, geological and biological, and to evaluate how they are affected by variations in river inflow and other boundary conditions. 3) Characterize the responses of three dominant habitats in the domain to pulses and presses in salinity and inundation. 4) Describe patterns of habitat provisioning and C sequestration and export in the GCE domain, and to evaluate how these might be affected by changes in salinity and inundation. These efforts will be synthesized into a synoptic understanding of both biotic and ecosystem responses to variations in salinity and inundation driven by climate change and human activities, which will be used to assess thresholds between habitats and the potential for state changes in the domain. 6. Funding Source: NSF OCE-9982133 and OCE-0620959 B. Sub-project Description 1. Site Description a. Geographic Location: GCE-DB -- Doboy Sound, Georgia, USA GCE6_Hydro -- Doboy Sound hydrographic datalogger deployment south of Sapelo Island Coordinates: GCE-DB -- NW: 81 22 05.7 W, 31 27 20.4 N NE: 81 14 34.6 W, 31 27 20.4 N SE: 81 14 34.6 W, 31 20 27.4 N SW: 81 22 05.7 W, 31 20 27.4 N GCE6_Hydro -- 81 18 17.9 W, 31 23 36.5 N b. Physiographic Region: GCE-DB -- Estuary and tidal marsh GCE6_Hydro -- Estuary and tidal marsh c. Landform Components: GCE-DB -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks GCE6_Hydro -- Intertidal marsh bordering sounds, tidal channels and creeks d. Hydrographic Characteristics: GCE-DB -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. GCE6_Hydro -- Site encompasses Doboy Sound and nearby tidal channels and creeks, and is subject to 2-3.4m semi-diurnal tides. e. Topographic Attributes: GCE-DB -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide GCE6_Hydro -- Flat, with elevations ranging from 0-3.4m above mean low tide f. Geology, Lithology and Soils: GCE-DB -- unspecified GCE6_Hydro -- unspecified g. Vegetation Communities: GCE-DB -- unspecified GCE6_Hydro -- unspecified h. History of Land Use and Disturbance: i. Climate: Climate summary for Sapelo Island, Georgia, based on NWS data from 1980-2001: Daily-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) mean air temperature: 19.78°C (6.98°C) minimum air temperature: 14.64°C (7.54°C) maximum air temperature: 24.62°C (6.78°C) total precipitation: 3.58mm (11.35mm) Yearly-aggregated Values: Mean (sample standard deviation) total precipitation (1981-2000): 1302mm (250mm) 2. Experimental or Sampling Design a. Design Characteristics: Conductivity, temperature and pressure were continuously monitored using an autonomous data-logging sensor package (sonde) that was moored to a piling and submerged 1-1.5m below mean low water. b. Permanent Plots: none c. Data Collection Duration and Frequency: The MicroCAT was programmed to autonomously measure and log conductivity, temperature and pressure at a sampling rate of 30 minutes (based on its internal chronometer). Upon retrieval the data was downloaded from the instrument via RS-232 serial communications and processed using custom Matlab(r) procedures to calculate depth (i.e. from pressure and latitude), salinity and sigma-t (i.e. from conductivity and temperature), and date and time components from sample time stamps. Beginning of Observations: 01-Jan-2010 End of Observations: 06-Dec-2010 3. Research Methods a. Field and Laboratory Methods: Deployment -- The MicroCAT was mounted inside a protective PVC pipe enclosure and attached to a wooden piling (~12 inch diameter) that was driven firmly into the substrate. The enclosure was constructed from a 10-foot length of 6-inch (internal diameter) PVC pipe that was perforated all over by drilling 1.5-inch holes (at approximately 4-inch spacing); this permits proper water circulation within the enclosure. The bottom of the PVC pipe was submerged about 5 feet below the water surface at low tide and bolted (vertically) to the piling. The MicroCAT was deployed by lowering it into the enclosure on a 0.375-inch stainless steel cable, and bolting the cable to the piling, so that the bottom of the data logger was ~3 inches above the bottom of the PVC pipe. A weighted surveyor's tape was then used to measure the distance from the substrate to the pressure sensor on the MicroCAT for calculation of total water column depth from pressure readings. The mooring was inspected every 1-3 weeks, and any visible fouling of the enclosure or MicroCAT was removed with a brush or scaper. Retrieval and Calibration -- At the end of each measurement period (approximately 2 months), the MicroCAT was unshackled from the cable and returned to the laboratory. The stored data was uploaded to a computer using a RS-232 serial cable and Sea-Bird Electronics SEATERM software. The MicroCAT was then cleaned to remove encrusting material and calibrated with a reference instrument at 4 to 5 salinity levels, generally ranging from 30 to 5 PSU. Data Processing -- Data were processed after each retrieval using custom programs in the GCE Data Toolbox for MATLAB (parse_37sm and imp_gcesonde). Depth was calculated from recorded pressure and latitude values, and salinity and sigma-t were calculated from recorded conductivity and temperature values using standard UNESCO algorithms (reference: Unesco. 1983. Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater, 1983. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 44, 53 pp.). Data were then plotted and visually inspected for evidence of biofouling of the conductivity sensor (i.e. prolonged periods of damped tidal oscillation in conductivity signal with no corresponding changes in temperature signal and no wind or rainfall events recorded at nearby monitoring stations, or periods of damped oscillation immediately followed by normal oscillation after instrument maintenance or replacement). Conductivity values recorded during periods of suspected biofouling were flagged as I (invalid) if visible fouling was noted in maintenance logs, and Q (questionable) if no visible fouling was noted. b. Instrumentation: Moored CTD datalogger (Sea-Bird Electronics Inc., model MicroCAT 37-SM S/N 1790, last factory calibration 31-Mar-2006) Moored CTD datalogger (Sea-Bird Electronics Inc., model MicroCAT 37-SM S/N 2539, last factory calibration 15-Apr-2009) Moored CTD datalogger (Sea-Bird Electronics Inc., model MicroCAT 37-SM S/N 1795, last factory calibration 08-Oct-2004) Moored CTD datalogger (Sea-Bird Electronics Inc., model MicroCAT 37-SM S/N 3342, last factory calibration 05-Mar-2004) c. Taxonomy and Systematics: not applicable d. Speclies List: e. Permit History: 4. Project Personnel a. Personnel: 1: Daniela Di Iorio 2: Wade M. Sheldon 3: Jacob Shalack 4: Daniel Saucedo b. Affiliations: 1: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 2: University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 3: University of Georgia Marine Inst., Sapelo Island, Georgia 4: University of Georgia Marine Inst., Sapelo Island, Georgia III. Data Set Status and Accessibility A. Status 1. Latest Update: 03-Jun-2015 2. Latest Archive Date: 3. Latest Metadata Update: 03-Jun-2015 4. Data Verification Status: new submission B. Accessibility 1. Storage Location and Medium: Stored at GCE-LTER Data Management Office Dept. of Marine Sciences Univ. of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-3636 USA on media: electronic data download (WWW) or compact disk 2. Contact Person: Name: Wade M. Sheldon, Jr. Position: GCE-LTER Information Manager Address: Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Postal Code: 30602-3636 Country: USA Email: gcelter@uga.edu 3. Copyright Restrictions: not copyrighted 4. Restrictions: All publications based on this data set must cite the contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information Management Office. a. Release Date: Affiliates: 09-Dec-2010, Public: 09-Dec-2011 b. Citation: Data provided by the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research Project, supported by funds from National Science Foundation Grants OCE-9982133, OCE-0620959 and OCE-1237140 c. Disclaimer: The user assumes all responsibility for errors in judgement based on interpretation of data and analyses presented in this data set. 5. Costs: free electronic data download via WWW, distribution on CD may be subject to nominal processing and handling fee IV. Data Structural Descriptors A. Data Set File 1. File Name: PHY-GCEM-1101d_1_0.CSV 2. Size: 16311 records 3. File Format: ASCII text (comma-separated value format) 3a. Delimiters: single comma 4. Header Information: 5 lines of ASCII text 5. Alphanumeric Attributes: none 6. Quality Control Flag Codes: Q = questionable value, I = invalid value (out of range), S = spike/noise, X = excise row flag 7. Authentication Procedures: not specified 8. Calculations: Depth(m) = sw_dpth(Pressure(dbar),Latitude(deg)) -- sw_dpth (salt water depth from pressure) Matlab function, Revision: 1.3, Date: 10-Oct-1994 (C)1992 CSIRO, Phil Morgan (morgan@ml.csiro.au) [Salinity(psu),Sigma_t] = salsig2(Depth(m),Temperature(C),Conductivity(mmho/cm)) -- salsig2 (salinity and sigma-t from conductivity, temperature and depth) Matlab function Revision 06-May-1992 by V. Holliday, as modified by Tom Gross and Julie Amft (julie@skio.peachnet.edu) 9. Processing History: Software version: GCE Data Toolbox Version 3.9.3 (06-Apr-2015) Data structure version: GCE Data Structure 1.1 (29-Mar-2001) Original data files processed: 06100390.asc (4322 records) 06100539.asc (3693 records) 06100895.asc (5074 records) 06101242.asc (4613 records) Data processing history: 02-Mar-2010: data uploaded from SBE 37-SM MicroCAT using SEATERM software version 1.50 04-Mar-2010: new GCE Data Structure 1.1 created ('newstruct') 04-Mar-2010: data imported from processed SBE SM-37 sonde data file '06100390.asc' (4322 records) ('imp_gcesonde') 04-Mar-2010: deleted column Second from the structure ('deletecols') 04-Mar-2010: calculated numeric MATLAB serial date from individual date component columns, added 'Date' column at position 1 ('add_datecol') 04-Mar-2010: added column 'Instrument' at position 1 ('addcol') 04-Mar-2010: added column 'Pump' at position 2 ('addcol') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Pump, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: added column 'Latitude' at position 1 ('addcol') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Latitude, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: added column 'Longitude' at position 1 ('addcol') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Longitude, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: added column 'Site' at position 1 ('addcol') 04-Mar-2010: added column 'Calibration' at position 18 ('addcol') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Calibration, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: updated 22 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: edited structure data ('ui_datagrid'): deleted record(s) 4322 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria of columns Temperature, Conductivity, Salinity and Sigma_t edited ('ui_editor') 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Temperature, Conductivity, Salinity and Sigma_t, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: deleted the following rows with values in column(s) Depth assigned QA/QC flag(s) X (excise row flag): 3700. ('cullflags') 04-Mar-2010: inserted 1 new record with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 04-Mar-2010: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 04-Mar-2010: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 04-Mar-2010: replaced 1 missing value in column Temperature with an estimated value based on 1D interpolation of Temperature as a function of Date using the MATLAB 7.9 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 04-Mar-2010: 1 value in 'Temperature' was updated with a new value ('update_data'): changed record 3700 from NaN to 9.281 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Temperature, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: replaced 1 missing value in column Conductivity with an estimated value based on 1D interpolation of Conductivity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 7.9 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 04-Mar-2010: 1 value in 'Conductivity' was updated with a new value ('update_data'): changed record 3700 from NaN to 1.730 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Conductivity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: replaced 1 missing value in column Pressure with an estimated value based on 1D interpolation of Pressure as a function of Date using the MATLAB 7.9 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 04-Mar-2010: 1 value in 'Pressure' was updated with a new value ('update_data'): changed record 3700 from NaN to 0.917 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Pressure, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: replaced 1 missing value in column Depth with an estimated value based on 1D interpolation of Depth as a function of Date using the MATLAB 7.9 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 04-Mar-2010: 1 value in 'Depth' was updated with a new value ('update_data'): changed record 3700 from NaN to 0.910 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Depth, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: replaced 1 missing value in column Salinity with an estimated value based on 1D interpolation of Salinity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 7.9 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 04-Mar-2010: 1 value in 'Salinity' was updated with a new value ('update_data'): changed record 3700 from NaN to 14.992 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Salinity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: replaced 1 missing value in column Sigma_t with an estimated value based on 1D interpolation of Sigma_t as a function of Date using the MATLAB 7.9 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 04-Mar-2010: 1 value in 'Sigma_t' was updated with a new value ('update_data'): changed record 3700 from NaN to 11.465 04-Mar-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Sigma_t, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 04-Mar-2010: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 10-Mar-2010: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 01-Jun-2010: 3692 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 01-Jun-2010: updated 14 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 01-Jun-2010: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 01-Jun-2010: inserted 3 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 01-Jun-2010: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 01-Jun-2010: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 01-Jun-2010: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 01-Jun-2010: replaced 3 missing values in column Temperature with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Temperature as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 01-Jun-2010: 3 values in 'Temperature' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 4322 from NaN to 10.758, changed record 4323 from NaN to 10.722, changed record 4324 from NaN to 10.667 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Temperature, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: replaced 3 missing values in column Conductivity with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Conductivity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 01-Jun-2010: 3 values in 'Conductivity' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 4322 from NaN to 1.932, changed record 4323 from NaN to 1.962, changed record 4324 from NaN to 2.011 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Conductivity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: replaced 3 missing values in column Pressure with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Pressure as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 01-Jun-2010: 3 values in 'Pressure' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 4322 from NaN to 0.683, changed record 4323 from NaN to 0.906, changed record 4324 from NaN to 1.207 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Pressure, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: replaced 3 missing values in column Depth with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Depth as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 01-Jun-2010: 3 values in 'Depth' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 4322 from NaN to 0.678, changed record 4323 from NaN to 0.900, changed record 4324 from NaN to 1.199 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Depth, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: replaced 3 missing values in column Salinity with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Salinity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 01-Jun-2010: 3 values in 'Salinity' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 4322 from NaN to 16.240, changed record 4323 from NaN to 16.532, changed record 4324 from NaN to 17.011 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Salinity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: replaced 3 missing values in column Sigma_t with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Sigma_t as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 01-Jun-2010: 3 values in 'Sigma_t' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 4322 from NaN to 12.247, changed record 4323 from NaN to 12.478, changed record 4324 from NaN to 12.857 01-Jun-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Sigma_t, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 01-Jun-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 01-Jun-2010: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 01-Jun-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 03-Sep-2010: 5072 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 03-Sep-2010: updated 14 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 03-Sep-2010: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 03-Sep-2010: inserted 4 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 03-Sep-2010: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 03-Sep-2010: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 03-Sep-2010: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 03-Sep-2010: replaced 4 missing values in column Temperature with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Temperature as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Sep-2010: 4 values in 'Temperature' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 8017 from NaN to 26.017, changed record 8018 from NaN to 26.075, changed record 8019 from NaN to 26.123, changed record 8020 from NaN to 26.156 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Temperature, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: replaced 4 missing values in column Conductivity with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Conductivity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Sep-2010: 4 values in 'Conductivity' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 8017 from NaN to 3.612, changed record 8018 from NaN to 3.577, changed record 8019 from NaN to 3.546, changed record 8020 from NaN to 3.512 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Conductivity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: replaced 4 missing values in column Pressure with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Pressure as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Sep-2010: 4 values in 'Pressure' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 8017 from NaN to 1.250, changed record 8018 from NaN to 1.084, changed record 8019 from NaN to 0.943, changed record 8020 from NaN to 0.845 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Pressure, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: replaced 4 missing values in column Depth with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Depth as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Sep-2010: 4 values in 'Depth' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 8017 from NaN to 1.242, changed record 8018 from NaN to 1.077, changed record 8019 from NaN to 0.936, changed record 8020 from NaN to 0.839 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Depth, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: replaced 4 missing values in column Salinity with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Salinity as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Sep-2010: 4 values in 'Salinity' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 8017 from NaN to 22.295, changed record 8018 from NaN to 22.025, changed record 8019 from NaN to 21.799, changed record 8020 from NaN to 21.549 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Salinity, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: replaced 4 missing values in column Sigma_t with estimated values based on 1D interpolation of Sigma_t as a function of Date using the MATLAB 8 function 'interp1' with the 'pchip' (piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation) method option, excluding data gaps with more than 10 consecutive missing values, and flagging the estimated values as 'E' ('interp_missing') 03-Sep-2010: 4 values in 'Sigma_t' were updated with new values ('update_data'): changed record 8017 from NaN to 13.475, changed record 8018 from NaN to 13.257, changed record 8019 from NaN to 13.074, changed record 8020 from NaN to 12.877 03-Sep-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Sigma_t, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 03-Sep-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 03-Sep-2010: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 10-Dec-2010: 4611 rows added at the bottom of the data set ('datamerge') 10-Dec-2010: updated 14 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 10-Dec-2010: Q/C flagging criteria applied, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 10-Dec-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 10-Dec-2010: edited data set title in structure and metadata ('ui_editor') 10-Dec-2010: inserted 56 new records with date/time values and NaN/null data values (replicating common values in the non-data columns Site, Longitude, Latitude, Instrument, Pump and Calibration) to fill in date/time interval gaps in the data series ('fill_date_gaps') 10-Dec-2010: sorted by column Date(ascending) ('sortdata') 10-Dec-2010: deleted existing datetime columns Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute; updated Year, Month, Day, Hour and Minute datetime columns added after column Date ('add_datepartcols') 10-Dec-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 10-Dec-2010: documented flagged and missing values in columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t as data set anomalies in the metadata ('add_anomalies') 10-Dec-2010: manually edited data set metadata ('ui_editmetadata') 11-Mar-2011: query 'Year == 2010' run, returned 16311 of 17759 data rows ('querydata') 11-Mar-2011: automatically assigned study date metadata descriptors based on the range of date values in date/time columns (add_studydates) 11-Mar-2011: updated title ('newtitle') 11-Mar-2011: updated 2 metadata fields in the Dataset, Status sections ('newtitle') 16-Nov-2011: matched 16311 out of 16311 geographic coordinates in columns Latitude and Longitude to coordinates for registered locations in the file 'geo_locations.mat' within a distance tolerance of 0.5km (add_locations) 16-Nov-2011: added column 'Station' at position 2 ('addcol') 16-Nov-2011: Q/C flagging criteria applied for column(s) Station, 'flags' field updated ('dataflag') 16-Nov-2011: added geographic metadata based on matching values in column Station to location and station names registered in 'geo_locations.mat' ('add_sitemetadata') 16-Nov-2011: updated 9 metadata fields in the Site, Status sections ('add_sitemetadata') 13-Feb-2015: copied QA/QC flags for column(s) Depth to column(s) Pressure, overwriting any existing flags, and set QA/QC criteria for destination column(s) to 'manual' ('copyflags') 27-Feb-2015: copied QA/QC flags for column(s) Depth to column(s) Pressure, overwriting any existing flags, and set QA/QC criteria for destination column(s) to 'manual' ('copyflags') 03-Jun-2015: query 'Year=2010' run, returned 16311 of 16311 data rows ('querydata') 03-Jun-2015: copied QA/QC flags from column(s) Conductivity and Temperature to column(s) Salinity and Sigma_t, merging copied flags with any existing flags, and set QA/QC criteria for destination column(s) to 'manual' ('copyflags') 03-Jun-2015: imported all documentation metadata from the template 'GCE_Sonde_GCE2', retaining existing attribute descriptors for all columns ('meta_template') 03-Jun-2015: updated 40 metadata fields in the Data, Dataset, Project, Site, Status, Study, Supplement sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: updated title ('newtitle') 03-Jun-2015: added geographic metadata based on matching values in column Station to location and station names registered in 'geo_locations.mat' ('add_sitemetadata') 03-Jun-2015: updated 8 metadata fields in the Site sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: updated title ('newtitle') 03-Jun-2015: updated 1 metadata fields in the Dataset sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: deleted columns Calibration and Pump from the structure ('deletecols') 03-Jun-2015: converted dates in column(s) Date to format yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS 03-Jun-2015: flags for columns Temperature, Conductivity, Pressure, Depth, Salinity and Sigma_t converted to data columns, flag codes updated in metadata ('flags2cols') 03-Jun-2015: updated 6 metadata fields in the Data sections ('addmeta') 03-Jun-2015: updated 15 metadata fields in the Status, Data sections to reflect attribute metadata ('updatecols') 03-Jun-2015: parsed and formatted metadata ('listmeta') B. Variable Information 1. Variable Name: column 1. Site column 2. Station column 3. Longitude column 4. Latitude column 5. Instrument column 6. Date column 7. Year column 8. Month column 9. Day column 10. Hour column 11. Minute column 12. Temperature column 13. Flag_Temperature column 14. Conductivity column 15. Flag_Conductivity column 16. Pressure column 17. Flag_Pressure column 18. Depth column 19. Flag_Depth column 20. Salinity column 21. Flag_Salinity column 22. Sigma_t column 23. Flag_Sigma_t 2. Variable Definition: column 1. Nearest nominal GCE-LTER sampling site column 2. Station determined by geographic lookup of coordinates in reference file 'geo_locations.mat' using a distance tolerance of 0.5km column 3. Geographic longitude in decimal degrees column 4. Geographic latitude in decimal degrees column 5. Serial number of the SBE 37-SM MicroCAT instrument used for the observations column 6. Calendar date and time of observation column 7. Calendar year column 8. Calendar month column 9. Calendar day column 10. Hours - GMT column 11. Minutes column 12. Water temperature column 13. QA/QC flags for Water temperature (flagging criteria, where "x" is Temperature: x<0="Q", x>35="Q", Depth<=0="I", Depth<0.15="Q", manual) column 14. Conductivity column 15. QA/QC flags for Conductivity (flagging criteria, where "x" is Conductivity: x<0="I", Depth<=0="I", Depth<0.15="Q", manual) column 16. Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) column 17. QA/QC flags for Water pressure at sensor (approximately equivalent to water depth within 3% error) (flagging criteria, where "x" is Pressure: x<0="I", x<0.05="X", x>10="Q", manual) column 18. Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde column 19. QA/QC flags for Water depth to the pressure sensor of the moored sonde (flagging criteria, where "x" is Depth: x<0="I", x<0.05="X", x>10="Q", manual) column 20. Salinity column 21. QA/QC flags for Salinity (flagging criteria, where "x" is Salinity: x<0="I", Depth<=0="I", Depth<0.15="Q", x>36="Q", manual) column 22. Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) column 23. QA/QC flags for Sigma-t (i.e. Density-1) (flagging criteria, where "x" is Sigma_t: Depth<=0="I", Depth<0.15="Q", x<-5="Q", x>28="Q", manual) 3. Units of Measurement: column 1. none column 2. none column 3. degrees column 4. degrees column 5. none column 6. yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS - GMT column 7. YYYY column 8. MM column 9. DD column 10. hr column 11. min column 12. °C column 13. none column 14. S/m column 15. none column 16. dbar column 17. none column 18. m column 19. none column 20. PSU column 21. none column 22. kg/m^3 column 23. none 4. Data Type a. Storage Type: column 1. integer column 2. string column 3. floating-point column 4. floating-point column 5. integer column 6. string column 7. integer column 8. integer column 9. integer column 10. integer column 11. integer column 12. floating-point column 13. string column 14. floating-point column 15. string column 16. floating-point column 17. string column 18. floating-point column 19. string column 20. floating-point column 21. string column 22. floating-point column 23. string b. Variable Codes: Flag_Temperature: E = unspecified Flag_Conductivity: E = unspecified Flag_Pressure: E = unspecified Flag_Depth: E = unspecified Flag_Salinity: E = unspecified, Q = questionable value Flag_Sigma_t: E = unspecified c. Numeric Range: column 1. 6 to 6 column 2. (none) column 3. -81.3048 to -81.3048 column 4. 31.3935 to 31.3935 column 5. 1790 to 3342 column 6. (none) column 7. 2010 to 2010 column 8. 1 to 12 column 9. 1 to 31 column 10. 0 to 23 column 11. 0 to 30 column 12. 6.2001 to 32.2097 column 13. (none) column 14. 0.81312 to 5.789 column 15. (none) column 16. 0.25 to 3.808 column 17. (none) column 18. 0.24827 to 3.7816 column 19. (none) column 20. 6.3783 to 34.257 column 21. (none) column 22. 4.6091 to 24.8094 column 23. (none) d. Missing Value Code: 5. Data Format a. Column Type: column 1. numerical column 2. text column 3. numerical column 4. numerical column 5. numerical column 6. text column 7. numerical column 8. numerical column 9. numerical column 10. numerical column 11. numerical column 12. numerical column 13. text column 14. numerical column 15. text column 16. numerical column 17. text column 18. numerical column 19. text column 20. numerical column 21. text column 22. numerical column 23. text b. Number of Columns: 23 c. Decimal Places: column 1. 0 column 2. 0 column 3. 6 column 4. 6 column 5. 0 column 6. 0 column 7. 0 column 8. 0 column 9. 0 column 10. 0 column 11. 0 column 12. 3 column 13. 0 column 14. 3 column 15. 0 column 16. 3 column 17. 0 column 18. 3 column 19. 0 column 20. 3 column 21. 0 column 22. 3 column 23. 0 6. Logical Variable Type: column 1. nominal (discrete) column 2. nominal (none) column 3. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 4. geographic coordinate (continuous) column 5. nominal (discrete) column 6. datetime (none) column 7. datetime (discrete) column 8. datetime (discrete) column 9. datetime (discrete) column 10. datetime (discrete) column 11. datetime (discrete) column 12. data (continuous) column 13. coded value (none) column 14. data (continuous) column 15. coded value (none) column 16. data (continuous) column 17. coded value (none) column 18. calculation (continuous) column 19. coded value (none) column 20. calculation (continuous) column 21. coded value (none) column 22. calculation (continuous) column 23. coded value (none) 7. Flagging Criteria: column 1. none column 2. flag_locationcoords(x,col_Longitude,col_Latitude,0.25,"sensitive","geo_locations.mat")=" Q" column 3. x<-180="Q";x>180="Q" column 4. x<-90="Q";x>90="Q" column 5. none column 6. none column 7. none column 8. x<1="I";x>12="I" column 9. x<1="I";x>31="I" column 10. x<0="I";x>24="I" column 11. x<0="I";x>60="I" column 12. x<0="Q";x>35="Q";col_Depth<=0="I";col_Depth<0.15="Q";manually-assigned flags column 13. none column 14. x<0="I";col_Depth<=0="I";col_Depth<0.15="Q";manually-assigned flags column 15. none column 16. x<0="I";x<0.05="X";x>10="Q";manually-assigned flags column 17. none column 18. x<0="I";x<0.05="X";x>10="Q";manually-assigned flags column 19. none column 20. x<0="I";col_Depth<=0="I";col_Depth<0.15="Q";x>36="Q";manually-assigned flags column 21. none column 22. col_Depth<=0="I";col_Depth<0.15="Q";x<-5="Q";x>28="Q";manually-assigned flags column 23. none C. Data Anomalies: Values of 12 records in Temperature were flagged as E (data value estimated by interpolation) for dates: 02/16/2010, 03/01/2010, 03/17/2010, 04/17/2010, 05/17/2010, 06/17/2010, 07/15/2010. Values of 56 records in Temperature are missing for dates: 08/31/2010-09/01/2010. Values of 12 records in Conductivity were flagged as E (data value estimated by interpolation) for dates: 02/16/2010, 03/01/2010, 03/17/2010, 04/17/2010, 05/17/2010, 06/17/2010, 07/15/2010. Values of 56 records in Conductivity are missing for dates: 08/31/2010-09/01/2010. Values of 12 records in Pressure were flagged as E (data value estimated by interpolation) for dates: 02/16/2010, 03/01/2010, 03/17/2010, 04/17/2010, 05/17/2010, 06/17/2010, 07/15/2010. Values of 56 records in Pressure are missing for dates: 08/31/2010-09/01/2010. Values of 12 records in Depth were flagged as E (data value estimated by interpolation) for dates: 02/16/2010, 03/01/2010, 03/17/2010, 04/17/2010, 05/17/2010, 06/17/2010, 07/15/2010. Values of 56 records in Depth are missing for dates: 08/31/2010-09/01/2010. Values of 12 records in Salinity were flagged as E (data value estimated by interpolation) for dates: 02/16/2010, 03/01/2010, 03/17/2010, 04/17/2010, 05/17/2010, 06/17/2010, 07/15/2010. The value of one record in Salinity was flagged as Q (questionable value) for date 03/29/2010. Values of 56 records in Salinity are missing for dates: 08/31/2010-09/01/2010. Values of 12 records in Sigma_t were flagged as E (data value estimated by interpolation) for dates: 02/16/2010, 03/01/2010, 03/17/2010, 04/17/2010, 05/17/2010, 06/17/2010, 07/15/2010. Values of 56 records in Sigma_t are missing for dates: 08/31/2010-09/01/2010. V. Supplemental Descriptors A. Data Acquisition 1. Data Forms: Copies of CTD cast logs and raw data are maintained at the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Information Management Office 2. Form Location: GCE-LTER Information Management Office, Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 3. Data Entry Validation: not specified B. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures: QA/QC flags are generated automatically according to domain criteria specified for each data column, then subsequently reviewed and revised as appropriate. Coded flag columns are generated for each data column, listing qualifier flags assigned to the data value on the corresponding row. C. Supplemental Materials: not applicable D. Computer Programs: Sea-Bird Electronics Sea-Soft version 4.246, MATLAB version 2013B E. Archival Practices: Data sets and documentation are stored in structured binary (Matlab 5.x files) and delimited ASCII text formats, and archived on magnetic tape and CD at the GCE LTER Information Management Office at the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA F. Publications: G. History of Data Set Usage 1. Data Request History: 2. Data Set Update History: 3. Review History: Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: Sonde# 1790 Site# 6 Set up by J. Shalack Date 12/1/09 Time on 2000 GMT Date 12/1/09 Time into water 1702 Date 3/1/10 Time out of water 2017 Date 3/1/10 Time off 2115 Sample interval 1800 Deployment information Date 12/1/09 Time 1702 ysi sal 24 ysi temp 16.2 water depth 4.4m Retrieval information Date 3/1/10 Time 2017 ysi sal 16.9 ysi temp 10.9 water depth na Instrument condition sensor tube very clean Upload filename 06100390 Maintenance record Date 12/21/09 Time 2005 Sal 19.7 Temp 13.0 Depth 5.4m Condition - sensor tube clogged Date 1/8/10 Time 1501 Sal 9.9 Temp 7.7 Depth 5.0 m Condition- sensor tube dirty Date 1/27/10 Time 1310 Sal 26.3 Temp 11.2 Depth 5.5m Condition-sensor tube clean Date 2/16/10 Time 2129 Sal 14.5 Temp 9.5 Depth 4.7m Condition- sensor tube very clean Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: Sonde# 2539 Site# 6 Set up by J. Shalack Date 3/1/10 Time on 2200 GMT Date 3/1/10 Time into water 2017 Date 5/17/10 Time out of water 1952 Date 5/17/10 Time off 2059 Sample interval 1800 Deployment information Date 3/1/10 Time 2017 ysi sal 16.9 ysi temp 10.9 water depth na Retrieval information Date 5/17/10 Time 1952 ysi sal 23.2 ysi temp 26.2 water depth 4.6 Instrument condition sensor tube very clean Upload filename 06100539 Maintenance record Date 3/17/10 Time 2120 Sal 20.4 Temp 13.9 Depth 4.1 Condition - sensor tube clean Date 4/1/10 Time 2208 Sal 14.9 Temp 18.8 Depth 4.2 m Condition- sensor tube clean Date 4/17/10 Time 1141 Sal 24.6 Temp 20.6 Depth 5.3m Condition-sensor tube dirty Date 5/5/10 Time 1227 Sal 24.0 Temp 24.0 Depth na Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: Sonde# 1795 Site# 6 Set up by J. Shalack Date 5/17/10 Time on 2200 UTC Date 5/17/10 Time into water 1952 Date 8/31/10 Time out of water 1353 Date 8/31/10 Time off 1518 Sample interval 1800 Deployment information Date 5/17/10 Time 1952 ysi sal 23.2 ysi temp 26.2 water depth 4.6m Retrieval information Date 8/31/10 Time 1353 ysi sal 29.3 ysi temp 28.1 water depth 6.0m Instrument condition sensor tube very clean Upload filename 06100895 Maintenance record Date 6/4/10 Time 1314 Sal 23.9 Temp 27.8 Depth 4.9m Condition - sensor tube very clean Date 6/17/10 Time 1222 Sal 26.0 Temp 29.7 Depth 4.9 m Condition- sensor tube dirty Date 6/30/10 Time 1140 Sal 28.1 Temp 30.0 Depth 5.1 m Condition-sensor tube clean Date NA: check cruise log July 13-15, 2010 Time Sal Temp Depth m Condition- sensor tube Date 7/29/10 Time 1145 Sal 30.6 Temp 31.1 Depth na Condition- sensor tube clean Date 8/12/10 Time 1715 Sal 31.8 Temp 31.1 Depth 6.0m Condition- sensor tube clean Date 8/26/10 Time 1815 Sal 29.6 Temp 31.2 Depth 4.7m Condition- sensor tube dirty Instrument deployment, maintenance and retrieval observations: Sonde# 3342 Site# 6 Set up by J. Shalack Date 9/1/10 Time on 1800 UTC Date 9/1/10 Time into water 1741 Date 12/6/10 Time out of water 1905 Date 12/6/10 Time off 2043 Sample interval 1800 Deployment information Date 9/1/10 Time 1741 ysi sal 31.6 ysi temp 28.5 water depth na Retrieval information Date 12/6/10 Time 1905 ysi sal 30.6 ysi temp 13.7 water depth na Instrument condition- conductivity tube clean Upload filename 06101242 Maintenance record Date 9/6/10 Time 1545 Sal 28.6 Temp 29.1 Depth na Condition - conductivity tube very clean Date 9/29/10 Time 1315 Sal 29.9 Temp 27.2 Depth 5.0 m Condition- conductivity tube clean Date 10/14/10 Time 1245 Sal 29.1 Temp 24.4 Depth na Condition- conductivity tube very clean Date 11/8/10 Time 1916 Sal 31.2 Temp 16.9 Depth 5.2m Condition- conductivity tube clean Date 11/19/10 Time 1734 Sal 29.3 Temp 17.4 Depth 4.1 m Condition- conductivity tube clean 4. Questions and Comments from Users: none